IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


■4^5 


1^    12.2 


2.0 


I 


Lil  i|U    116 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporalion 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


t 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographtcally  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


0    Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


D 


D 
D 

n 

D 
D 


n 


Couverture  endommagie 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurAe  et/ou  pellicul^e 


I      !    Cover  title  missing/ 


D 


Le  titre  de  couverture  monque 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  giographiquas  on  couleur 


Coloured  ink  <i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relii  avec  d'autres  documents 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serrie  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  fiimies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplimentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  it^  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  sxiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mithode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


|~~~|   Coloured  pages/ 


D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  peilicul^es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piqu6es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quaiiti  inigale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materia 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


|~~|  Pages  damaged/ 

I      I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~7]  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      j  Pages  detached/ 

I    1  Showthrough/ 

Fyj  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I     I  Only  edition  available/ 


1 
P 

0 

f 


C 

b 
t 

8 
O 
f 

s 
o 


T 

8l 

T 
v« 

IV 

d 

Of 

b( 
ri{ 
re 
m 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure. 
etc..  ont  6t6  film^es  d  nouveau  de  facon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiquii  ci-dessous. 

10X  ^  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


y 

12X 


16X 


aox 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grice  A  la 
gAntrositA  de: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  In  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  bacic  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^  (mearing  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  In  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beglnnirg  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diegrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  imsges  suivantes  ont  At*  reproduites  svoc  le 
plus  grend  soln,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet*  de  l'exemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fiimage. 

Les  exemplaires  originsux  dont  la  couverture  en 
pepler  est  imprim6e  sont  filmte  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plet  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreik:te 
d'impresslon  ou  d'iliustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  las  sutres  exemplaires 
orlginaux  sont  filmfo  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  emprelnte 
d'impresslon  ou  d'iliustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
emprelnte. 

Un  des  symboles  sulvants  apparattra  sur  la 
dernlAre  imege  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  ie 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
film«s  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciich*,  11  est  film6  d  partir 
de  I'angle  sup4rleur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  on  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
iiiustrent  la  m6thode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

m 

■J 


A 


0 


^ijjf-IS'*-** 


,•#  • . '  I 


,i.^-i. 

>.*! 


.'■iii^.J^l.i 


^  A  KEVIEW 


vs. 


1 


•■/ 


^■>.-  -f-' 


''W. 


^fM*-," 


*;*■ 


^  'r 


.«-aj(j,7 ,  ..^ — k_   ,, . 


■"^ 


■■..V 


r 


OMMERCE  OF  DETROIT 


I,* 


<    "■iiii'Xt'^'^'yi  til,  {• 


FOR 


r  .  .-0, 


^     *     f»   « T  ^. 


ff  W 


,.,S' 


'.^:  t. 


1861 


i  t 


t 


A-JH- 


Atftmwal  Sfcrfcmeftf  o/*  flb«  gMHrtfit  Tribune* 


K-ii'ii'^-^J'i.; 


3  r 


>   *  r 


;i  ■•;•  i;' 


■w  J: 


■  .y  :y/ 


■ .  ■  *  ;  1 


f;. 


DETROIT: 
H.  BARNS   &   CO.,   PRINTERS, 

Nos.  62  and  54  Shelby  Street. 
1862. 


V4: 


\i*  .  ^3' 


^' 


1 1ST  T  KO  3D  XJ  O  T  O  rt  Y 


Wb  herewith  present  to  the  business  publio  a  pamphlet  edition] 
the  Daily  Tribune's  Annual  Statement  of  the  Trade  and  Comraerci 
Detroit  for  1861. 

Mindful  of  the  ftict  that  the  exports  of  .1  community  are  a  key  tc[ 
wealth  and  prosperity,  we  have  now  for  four  successive  years,  at  the 
of  immonse  labor,  compiled  a  full  statement  of  them  from  the  books  of  I 
shippers.     At  the  same  time  a  vague  and  imperfect  exhibit  might  have  l)| 
presented  with  only  a  few  hours'  labor  from  the  books  of  oiir   Custi 
House,     the     method    pursued     by    our     cotomporaries.      But,     to 
mitul,  such  an  imperfect  showing  is  unworthy  the  important  commerJ 
ch:tracter  of  the  leading  products  of  Michigan,  or  of  the  manufactures! 
Detroit,   which,   although  foiling  far   short  of  what  they  should  be, 
nevertheless  of  decided  importance  and  are   steadily  increasing.      If 
elforts  meet  the  approval  of  the  commercial  public,  we  shall  feel  abundanj 
repaid. 

As  we  have  done  in  the  past,  so  it  shall  be  our  aim  to  do  in  the  futiii 
and  to  the  end  that  reliable  statistics  may  be  presented  respecting 
resources,  we  invoke  the  continued  good  offices  of  our  friends  and  the  pubjj 
in  placing  data  within  our  reach. 

;  Not  the  slightest  attempt  has  been  made  to  exaggerate  in  any  respe 
iWhere  it  h&s  been  necessary  to  employ  estimates  to  indicate  the  aggrega| 
amount  of  any  particular  branch  of  business,  they  will  be  found  8tricti| 
witliin  bounds. 

t^^Tarticular  attention  is  invited  to  the  Cards  of  a  few  of  our  leadinj 
Mercantile  and  Manufacturing  houses,  at  the  end  of  this  report. 


ANNUAL    KE  VIEW. 


-i^^*- 


We  herewith  present  onr  aonaal  report  re- 
lating to  the  trade,  commerce  and  mannfac- 
tnres  of  the  city  of  Detroit. 

The  flgnreswill  snggesttheir  own  commen- 
tary npon  the  rapid  development  of  Michigan, 
and  the  importance  of  onr  city  as  a  commer- 
cial emporium,  and  only  a  few  words  will  he 
necessary  by  way  of  general  allnsion. 

The  year  1860  was  justly  regarded  as  a 
great  improvement  npon  its  predecessor  in 
the  production  of  leading  staples,  the  increase 
in  our  grain  receipts  being  nearly  one  hun- 
dred per  cent.  This  year,  however,  they 
equal,  within  the  merest  fraction,  the  receipts 
of  both  years  combined.  The  three  years' 
aggregate  receipts  of  grain,  including  flour 
reducei^  to  bnsholg,  compare  as  follows, 
thoec  by  teanrjs  iaclodf  d  : 


Total  bushels,  1859 
"  "       IS-W   - 

1861 


4.177.P56 

6.441,639 

10,614,286 


It  is  an  astoniBhing  fact  that  the  receipts  of 
flour  and  grain  by  lake  and  rail  in  1859  were 
very  nearly  eqaaled  by  tlie  reci  ipts  by  the 
same  channels  this  year  in  Septpnibfjr  and 
October  alone !  Ti-e  following  are  the  flgnres  : 


Piour,  bbis    • 
Wheat,  bu.  - 
Corn,  bu  • 
Oats,  bu 
Rye,  bu    • 
Barley,  bu 


Total  1859. 

-  61P,4/6 
75«,037 

-  893,336 

73,6 -a 

7000 

63.476 


Sept,  and  Oi*t  1861, 

461464 

1,435  69J 

213  411 

108,106 

7,100 

22  313 

8,813,715 


Total,flour  reduce!    4,077,663 

By  including  November  we  find  that  the 
receipts  of  the  three  months  exceed  those  of 
the  twelve  months  of  1859  by  about  25  per 
cent  I 

The  year  1861  deserves  to  be  characterized 
and  remembered  as  a  year  of  commercial 
and  flRancial  miracles.    Twelve  months  ago 


we  were  menaced  on  one  hand  with  the  max- 
im that  cotton  was  king,  while  on  the  other 
the  money  lords  of  Europe  contemptuously 
flaunted  the  insignia  of  a  still  more  formida- 
ble sovereignty,  reminding  us  that  we  were 
powerless  unless  they  chose  to  dole  out  the 
sinews  of  war.  The  result  has  been  as  grat- 
ifying as  it  was  unexpected.  We  have  been 
favored  with  immense  crops,  and,  as  if  provi- 
dentially, for  the  first  time  in  several  years, 
there  has  beon  an  active  foreign  demand,  and 
we  have  thus  been  feeding  the  world,  and 
carrying  on  a  war  at  the  same  time,  while 
King  Cotton  has  become  a  pauper.  At  the 
same  time  our  own  capitalists  have  signalized 
their  faith  in  the  justness  of  our  cause  by 
taking  the  entire  Government  loan,  by  which 
the  problem  of  our  financial  independence  is 
solved. 

The  present  condition  of  Michigan,  all 
things  considered,  ia  singularly  gratifying. 
Oar  mining  int«)re8ts  have  been  depressed 
nearly  the  entire  year,  while  scarce  a  gleam 
of  ^ope  has  cheered  our  lumbermen,  and  the 
fishing  interest  has  relatively  suffered  in  a 
still  greater  degree.  Added  to  all  th?8e 
causes  of  depression,  our  wool  has  been  sold 
about  half  price,  yet  our  State  today  enjoys 
a  higher  degree  of  material  prosperity  than 
she  has  known  for  six  years.  What,  then, 
would  she  now  be  if  all  or  nearly  all  of  her 
great  interests  were  pTsperousI  The  ques- 
tion is  certainly  suggestive. 

Onr  review  of  the  manufactures  of  the 
citv  is  mainly  confined  this  year  to  new  es- 
tablishments, which  are  of  a  character  that 
speaks  wei  for  the  progress  of  Detroit. 


■< 


Retro«p«ot  of  th«  Weathar  for  th«  Y«ar 
1861. 

The  planet  on  which  we  live  has  accom- 
plished another  revelation  around  the  great 
central  fire,  the  secon«l  sonrce  of  life,  linrht, 
and  motion  to  the  Universe.  This  annual 
motion,  m  well  as  the  diurnal  rotation  of  the 
earth,  continues  with  the  utmost  exactness 
from  year  to  year,  and  from  age  to  age,  but 
the  seasons  produced  by  it  are  exceedingly 
varied  in  their  character,  from  causes  which 
are  but  very  imperfectly  nr.derstood. 

The  meteorology  of  1861  has  not  been  so 
remarkable  sa  that  of  many  others  in  the 
United  States ;  no  extraordinary,  desolating 
hurricanes,  drought,  or  excessive  rains,  ex- 
cepting a  recent  one  on  the  Pacific  co/ist.have 
been  recorded,  as  in  past  years ;  the  whole 
continent  has :  produced  abundant  crops  of 
every  kind,  and  an  unusually  healthy  atmos- 
phere has  pervaded  the  whole  land. 

The  day  of  greatest  cold  was  the  8th  of 
February,  when  the  thermometer  sunk  to 
10  ®  below  zero  at  7  A.  M. ;  that  of  the  most 
intense  heat,  th«  7th  of  August,  when  it 
reached  98  ® ,  at  two  P.  M.,  in  the  shade: 

Reducing  tho  snow  to  water,  42^  inches  of 
rain  fell  during  the  year  in  this  city,  being  8 
inches  in  excess  of  thn  fall  in  1860,  but  still 
less  than  the  annual  average,  on  this  part  of 
the  continent. 

The  autumnal  months  were  unusually  wet, 
and  the  abtsence  of  frost,  till  a  lato  period,  was 
remarkable.  The  weather  continued  mild 
throughout  December,  and  the  year  closed 
with  a  dry,  spring-like  atmosphere. 

HsiL  Sonroaof  Beiog.  Uoiveisal  Lord 
Of  Heaven  and  sartta ;  EuentlHl  Preseneeha  1 ; 
To  Thee  we  bend  the  knee ;  to  Thee  our  thoaghto 
Contlnnal  climb,  who  with  a  maater  hand. 
Uast  this  great  whole  into  PerfeciiouwtcuRht." 

MlcklKan  as  a  Home  for  Emigrants* 

The  inducements  which  Michigan  offeni  to 
the  emigrant  are  numerous.  Her  climate  is 
comparatively  mild,  and  her  soil  exceedingly 
fertile.  A  vast  portion  of  the  State  is  still 
covered  with  the  primeval  forest,  which  only 
awaits  the  strong  arm  of  the  chopper  to  un- 
oover  a  soil  which  yields  a  long  succession  of 
crops  without  manure.  The  vast  resources 
of  this  Slate  are  only  just  now  becoming 
known  to  the  world.  A  few  years  ago  her 
mineral  products  were  *indi8covered  —  her 
coal,  gypsum,  copper  and  iron  lay  in  their 
strata,  undisturbed  by  the  hand  of  the  miner. 
Her  salt  springs  were  not  economized,  and 
even  her  agricultural  products  were  not  cal- 
culated to  attract  attention.  A  change  has 
come  o'er  the  spirit  of  the  time.  The  woods 
are  falling  beneath  the  axe  of  the  settler. — 
The  snorting  of  the  iron  horse  is  heard  where, 
a  few  years  ago,  the  silence  of  the  forest  was 
unbroken  by  a  sound.  The  farmer,  with  the 
power  of  a  magician,  has  caused  the  wilder- 


ness  '*  to  rejoice  and  blossom  as  the  rose  " — 
the  miner  has  desct  nded  into  the  bowels  of 
the  earth  and  dug  up  some  of  the  richest 
ores  which  the  world  has  ever  seen,  and  in 
some  places  mining  skill  was  not  required, 
for  the  ore  lay  on  the  surface — the  merchant 
has  built  palatial  residences  were,  a  few 
years  ago,  the  tents  of  the  Ohippewas  or  Pot* 
tawaitomies  held  nudispHted  possession 
of  the  ground. 

The  farmers  of  Michigan  have  easy  access 
to  the  best  markets  in  America  or  Europe.sb 
that  the  produce  of  their  land  at  all  times 
meets  a  ready  sale.  Hundreds,  we  might  say 
thousands  of  miles  of  rail  and  plankroads 
diverge  from  Detroit  and  penetrate  into  the 
richest  districts  of  the  State,  and  the  vast 
chain  of  lakes  and  rivers  which  nearly  sur- 
round it,  afford  extraordinary  advantages  of 
navigation.  The  fisheries  of  themselves  are 
in  themselves  unfailing  sources  of  wealth,and 
the  lumber  which  is  cleared  away  by  the  set- 
tler, brings  millions  of  doUam  into  the  pook« 
ets  of  the  dealers  in  this  indispensable  article. 
The  horses,  cattle  and  sheep  of  the  State  are 
beginning  to  attract  attention  in  otther  distant 
markets,  and,  if  we  are  to  judge  by  the  im- 
provem(>nt  which  has  taken  place  in  the  do- 
mestic animals  within  the  last  ten  years,  in 
five  years  more  the  stock  of  the  State  will  be 
among  the  very  best  on  this  continent.  As  a 
fruit-growing  State,  Michigan  cannot  be  sur- 
passed. Great  progress  has  bean  made  in 
horticulture  within  Uie  last  few  years,  some 
of  the  best  varieties  of  garden  and  orchard 
frtdts  have  been  introduced;  the  exports  from 
this  delightful  branch  of  rural  economy  are 
becoming  large,  and  ihere  can  scarcely  be  a 
a  doubt  but  the  profits  derived  from  the 
growing  of  fruit  will  be  very  large  in  a  few 
yeats. 

The  soil  of  Michigan  is  exco  "'^gly  fertile, 
yielding  almost  every  kind  of  cultivated  crop 
in  the  richest  profusion.  The  wheat  of  this 
State  is  highly  prized  in  the  English  and 
French  m&rkets,  and  when  our  farmers  pay 
a  little  more  attention  to  the  selection  of  the 
very  best  varieties  of  seed,  and  to  the  clean- 
ing of  the  grain  for  markf>t,  the  wheat  of  the 
Peninsluar  State  will  not  be  surpassed  on  this 
continent.  Maize  ripens  perfectly  and  pro- 
duces an  abundant  yield  in  ^very  part  of  the 
ow  er  Peninsula,  and  when  we  consider  that 
not  only  the  grain  of  this  plant,  but  also  the 
cob,  leaves  and  stems  are  useful  for  the  feed- 
ing of  stock,  Ibe  benefit  to  be  deiived  for 
this  crop  will  at  ance  become  evident.  Pota- 
tooH  thrive  so  well  in  our  soil  that  a  large 
quantity  are  annually  exported  to  States 
which  are  not  favored  with  a  soil  so  rich 
as  ours,  and  in  which  drought  takes  more 
effect. 

As  a  fruit  growing  State  Michigan  is  an- 


perior  to  many  WeHiern  States.  Apples, 
pears,  plams,  qaiDces,  peaches,  grapos,  apri* 
cetsj  &o.,  reward  tho  labors  of  the  hortical- 
tnrist,  BDd  attain  a  size  and  flavor  which 
cannot  be  equaled  n  other  places,  These  facts 
have  already  uttracted  attention  from  frnit 
growers  in  every  part  of  the  Union.  A  con- 
siderable portion  of  soil,  well  salted  for 
orchards  and  gardens,  ia  still  covered  with  the 
natural  forest,  which  has  tonly  to  be  cleared 
away  by  the  settler  to  unfold  a  soil  so  rich  as 
to  produce  crops  for  several  years  withont 
the  aid  of  manare,  and  almost  every  part  of 
the  State  is  now  within  reach  of  an  excellent 
market,  the  river  and  lakes,  railroads  and 
plank  roads  affordiog  facilities  for  the  trans- 
portation  of  agricaitural  and  horticaltoral 
products  to  the  best  market  in  the  world. 

When  the  numerous  advantages  which 
Michigan  possesses,  are  considered,  it  seems 
strange  that  a  large  portion  of  her  lands  are 
still  unoccupied  and  await  the  sturdy  arms  of 
the  foreign  emigrant  to  develope  their  rich 
resources.  This  is  not  to  4)e  wondered  at. 
From  nn  early  dato  the  land  speculators  of 
other  States  found  it  to  acswer  their  pur- 
pose of  aggrandizement  to  represent  Michi- 
gan as  a  howling  wilderness,  her  climate  as 
insalubrious,and  her  soil  a  dismal  swamp  un- 
suited  to  agriculture.  These  delusions  are 
being  dispelled  rapidly.  The  robust  health 
of  her  rural  population,  and  the  unsurpassed 
richness  of  her  soil  are  now  attracting  atten- 
tion and  inducing  farmers  and  mechanics 
from  neighboring  States  to  come  in  and 
occupy  the  land.  The  construction  of  the 
<}rand  Trunk  and  Great  Western  Railways 
have  afforded  facilities  for  foreign  emigrants 
to  reach  Michigan,  and  the  fertility  of  the 
soil  being  known,  it  ia  probable  that  the 
population  will  increase  rapidly. 

Emigrants  will  flad  Michigan  suited  to 
almost  every  kind  of  pursuit  or  culture.  The 
farmer  will  find  the  soil  of  this  State  suited 
to  the  production  of  almost  every  cultivated 
crop,  and  the  workers  in  wood  or  iron  will 
find  ample  stores  of  material.  The  horticul- 
turist can  follow  his  favorite  pursuit  with 
success,  the  climate  and  soil  being  admira- 
bly suited  for  the  growth  of  the  choicest 
fruit  and  vegetables.  The  vast  quantities  of 
fish  in  the  lakes  and  rivers  which  nearly  sur- 
round the  State,  have  alreadyeattracted  fish- 
ermen from  tho  coasts  of  Holland  and 
Franco,  and  there  is  scarcely  a  danger  that 
the  finny  tribe  will  be  exhausted,  or  the 
occupation  of  the  fisherman  unprofitable. — 
The  mineral  products  of  Michigan  are  in 
themselves  of  sufficient  magnitude  to  attract 
large  numbers  uf  the  working  population 
from  the  mining  districts  of  Europe,  and 
they  have  been  coming  annually  for  several 
yean. 


The  civil  war  in  America  has  partially  dbi> 
couraged  European  emigration  to  the  United 
States,  as  it  was  represented  that  law  and  or- 
der were  fast  giving  place  to  anarchy  and 
confusion  in  this  once  happy  and  united  laud. 
It  would  be  well  to  make  the  real  condition 
of  the  Northern  States  knowu  in  every  part 
of  Europe,  that  perbons  anxious  to  better 
their  cordition  may  be  Informed  thai,  there 
never  was  a  better  time  for  emigrants  to 
reach  this  country  than  the  present.  The 
war,  with  all  its  attendant  horrors  is  closely 
confined  within  the  rebellious  States,  and  tuU 
the  free  States  are  prospering.  In  Michigan 
the  industrious  emigrant  will  be  sure  of  em- 
ployment if  he  has  sufflcient  capital  to  es- 
tablish himself  on  some  of  the  rich  lands 
which  lie  in  every  part  of  the  State.  The 
large  number  of  mechanics  and  workmen 
of  every  kind  who  have  enlisted  in  the  Fed- 
eral army  have  made  labor  scarce  and  dear, 
and  left  vacancies  to  be  filled  by  foreign  emi-^ 
gration. 

Monetary  h 

The  money  market  has  been  considerably 
convulsed  by  the  political  troubles  of  tho 
past  year,  with  a  general  tendency  to  strin- 
gency, varied,  however  bv  a  number  of  ex- 
traordinary features  that  have  become  deveb 
oped  during  the  exciting  events  of  the  year. 
Never  before  have  the  financial  prospects  of 
any  State  or  county  merged  in  one  season 
from  a  condition  of  such  deep  gloom  to  ono 
so  healthy  and  prosperous,  our  present  con- 
dition being,  in  a  financial  sense,  entirely  sat- 
isfactory. The  loss  in  ordinary  business  has 
beed  made  up  by  business  growing  immedi- 
ately out  of  the  colossal  operations  of  the 
Qovernment  for  crushing  the  rebellion,  which 
is  true  all  over  the  country.  The  collections 
on  account  of  Eastern  parties  have  not  been 
as  frequent  or  heavy  as  last  year,  which  in 
fact  hiiiges  upon  really  the  most  significant 
general  feature  of  the  times,  indicating,  as  it 
does,  an  increased  amount  of  business  done 
for  cash.  The  chief  characteristic  is  cash  or 
short  time,  and  as  to  liquidations,  they  have 
been  remarkably  good.  Since  the  heavy  out* 
lays  of  Qovernment  and  the  foreign  shipments 
of  breadstuffs  have  co  umenced,  money  has 
been  easier  than  at  any  period  within  the  past 
six  years,  notwithstanding  a  few  lingering  ev- 
idences of  a  want  of  confidence  in  the  future ; 
and  the  financial  condition  of  Michigan  is 
pronounced  by  those  most  capable  of  form- 
ing an  opinion,  better  thau  at  any  previous 
period  since  the  organ'zation  of  the  State.  A 
vast  addition  has  been  made  to  eur  volume  of 
currency,  and  business  has  steadily  and  rap- 
idly increased  on  a  healthy  basis.  Not  (Mily 
our  city  merchants,  but  those  in  the  country, 
both  on  the  railroads  and  places  remote  ttom. 
them,  are  driving  a  prosperous  trade,  and  thft 


wloter  bneiDesB  has  opened  with  extraordi- 
narily flattering  pro9pecta,  especially  in  the 
oonntry,  owing  to  the  general  prosperity 
irhioh  baa  crowned  the  labors  of  tbe  pro- 
dnoerfl — tbe  real  soorce  of  all  wealth. 
w|Tbe  flnanoial  system  of  Micbisan  revolves 
In  comparatively  a  oiroumscribed  orbit,bnt  tbe 
movements  are  steady,  and  witb  onr  good 
credit  and  eeneral  freedom  fiomdebt,  we 
are  in  a  measure  exempt  from  tbe  more  dis- 
aatrons  effects  of  the  panics  tbat  periodically 
convulse  tbe  country.  Tbe  worst  featare  so 
f»x  as  we  are  concerned  consists  in  tbe  de* 
Iffession  tbat  is  occasioned  io  tbe  market  for 
onr  immense  and  diversified  products,  hi 
which  an  immense  capital  is  represented. 

Tbe  panic  in  Western  monev,  with  which 
{he  year  was  ushered  in,  may  be  taken  as  an 
exception  to  tbe  above  general  rule.  Oon- 
■titutlng  almost  our  entire  oirculaticn,  the  ef- 
fects could  not  have  been  worse  if  tbe  bisti- 
tntions  had  been  brought  into  existence  un- 
der our  own  laws.  Besides  the  direct  losses 
by  holders  Uom  tbe  depreciation  of  tbe  mo- 
ney, great  embarrassment  was  occasioned  in 
business  circles,  tbe  effect  being  to  partially 
stop  the  wbeelsof  tiade.  Early  in  November, 
1860,  Western  depreciated  to  three  per 
cent,  discount,  but  the  period  was  an  unfa- 
vorable one  for  taking  any  steps  to  secure  a 
better  medium,  and  it  continued  to  be  re- 
ceived and  paid  out  in  ordinary  business 
transactions  as  usual.  November  19th,  the 
discount  ran  up  to  10  per  cent,  discount, 
with  somparatively  but  few  buyers,  and  then 
setViDg  down  to  eight  per  cent,  discount  for  a 
short  t  me.  The  great  demand  for  convert- 
ing Western  ociusioned  a  rise  to  two  per  cent, 
in  exchange,  but  in  January  it  fell  to  one 
per  cent,  at  which  figure  it  remained 
steady  throughout  the  entire  year. — 
From  an  early  period  ia  December  to 
26th  March,  Western  improved  after  fre~ 
quent  changes,  going  from  eight  to  five  dis- 
count. April  4tb,  forty-two  Wisconsin  banks 
were  thrown  out  at  Chicago,  which  produced 
a  new  phase,  another  clB8^iflcalion  being  ne- 
cessary. April  18tb,  there  were  few  buyers, 
western  being  nominally  60  discount,  except 
the  issues  of  a  very  few  banks,  known  as  the 
"  Railroad  List,"  which  were  held  here  at  16 
@20  discount  In  June,  western  went  out  of 
sight  entirely  as  a  circulating  medium,  al- 
though some  of  it  continued  in  tbe  hands  of 
victims  who  were,  and  perhaps  still  are,  hop- 
ing against  hope  for  some  lucky  turn  in  af< 
fain. 

Our  former  poor  currency  was  soon  suc- 
ceeded by  tbe  issues  of  tbe  banks  of  the 
neighboring  States  and  Canada.  Our  mer- 
chants have  borrowed  directly  from  some  of 
the  Canada  banks,  a  process  which  has  been 
atUnded  witb  some  difficulty  on  account  of 


the  rate  of  exchange,  which  has  most  of  the 
time  ranged  from  one  to  two  per  cent,  for 
Oicada.  By  law,  tbe  Canada  banks  are  per- 
mitted to  p9y  out  sovereigns  at  $4,861,  so 
tbat  when  sterling  exchange  was  below  par, 
the  value  of  sovereigns,  (which  is  in  a  slight 
degree  arbitrary)  depreciated  to  tbe  extent  of 
one  and  a  half  per  cent.  Exchange  has  lat- 
terly advanced,  und  at  this  writing  commands 
a  premium  of  cue  and  a  half  to  two  per  cent., 
which  has,  of  course,  nominally  enhanced 
the  value  of  sovereigns,  so  tbat  no  loss  is  in- 
curred in  receiving  them,  and  exchange  on 
Canada  mocey  has  fallen  to  I  per  cent, 
premium. 

Borne  partial  feeling  has  at  times  been 
manifested  on  the  subject  of  Cunada  money, 
but  we  have  so  recently  witnessed  tbe  disas- 
trous effects  of  a  currency  panic,  tbat  the 
sentiment  of  onr  business  public  has  been 
generally  adverse  to  anything  tending  to  re- 
produce a  visitation  of  the  kind.  We  are  as- 
sured tbat  tbe  public  can  rely  implicitly  on 
the  soundness  of , these  banks,  and  we  there- 
fore can  see  no  good  cause  why  it  is  not  best, 
under  tbe  circumstances,  to  permit  them  to 
occupy  the  field. 

Late  in  May,  our  money  market,  although 
rather  stringent,  began  to  assume  if  anything 
a  more  cheerful  aspect.  Exchange  was  close, 
but  tbe  supply  and  dcnaod  worked  well  to- 
gether. About  this  juncture  considerable 
exchange  was  made  by  mining  drafts.  At 
periods  when  no  exchange  is  drawn  in  favor 
of  our  agricultural  products,  our  resources, 
are  so  varied  Ibat  there  is  sure  of  being  some- 
thing to  our  credit. 

Tbe  first  week  in  June,  tbe  paper  of  the 
Pittsburg  banks,  excepting  tbat  of  tbe  Bank 
of  Pittsburg,  fell  in  this  market  to  three  per 
cent  discount,  but,  notwithstanding  their 
temporary  suspension,  there  was  at  no  time 
tbe  slighest  cause  to  doubt  tbe  entire  sol- 
vency of  those  institutions.  Pennsylvania 
presents  in  some  respects  a  parallel  case 
with  Michigan,  her  leading  interests,  particu- 
larly that  of  iron,  serving  to  constitute  a 
grand  basis  of  financial  credit,  but,  unlike 
Michigan,  she  has  not  unwisely  thrown  away 
her  advan'ages,  and  depe:)ded  upon  ether 
States  for  a  circulating  medium,  shouldering 
all  the  burdens  and  deriving  none  of  the 
benefits  of  banking.  The  discount  gradual- 
ly drove  away  Penusylvanii.  money,  or  most 
cf  it. from  among  us. 

About  the  last  of  August,  tbe  East  began 
to  experience  a  decided  revival,  both  as  re- 
Epects  its  manufactures  and  commerce,  a  re< 
action  in  which  the  Webt,  with  its  ovei  flow- 
ing granaries,  could  but  feel  a  lively  interest. 
Everything  at  the  monentary  center  ef  the 
ceuntry  seemed  to  indicate  prosperty.  The 
foreign'demand  for  breadstufis  was  active  and 


m 


baoytnt,  aid  as  our  Importations  oontlnned 
▼ery  light,  we  began  drawing  heavy  balances 
in  gold,  while  the  snccessfal  negotiations  of 
€loTernment  with  the  Banks  imparted  oonfi- 
dence  to  the  whole  oouatry,  and  the  borrow- 
ing of  one  hundred  and  fifty  miliions  and  dif* 
fusing  it,  created  activity  in  all  the  channels 
of  trade. 

Throughoat  the  rest  of  the  season  business 
continued  to  work  smoothly  and  satisfactorily. 
Produce  moved  forward  at  a  rate  that  seem- 
ed almost  fabulous,  imparting  great  ease  to 
the  money  market,  and  producing  all  its  legi- 
timate 00Qsequ<)nce8.  The  scarcity  of  tonnage 
was  some  drawback  to  business.  Every  ves- 
sel capable  of  carrying  grain  was  brought  in- 
to requisition,  but  there  were  not  enough 
bottoms  to  supply  the  demand  for  the  ports 
of  lakes  Erie  a^d  Ontario.  On  the  NewYork 
canals  the  pressure  was  so  great  that  in  some 
instances  breadstuff^  were  displaced  by 
other  freight  crowding  forward  to  market, 
much  of  it  for  Europe. 

Of  the  first  $50,000,000  instalment  of  the 
loan  taken  by  the  banks  of  the  three  gr  jat 
Atlantic  cities,  the  public  absorbed  just  one- 
half  up  to  the  date  of  taking  the  second.  Tbe 
banks  made  no  effort  to  dispose  of  the 
Amounts  taken  bv  them,  as  the  high  rate  of 
interest  made  the  loan  a  most  desirable  se- 
curity to  hold  in  the  falling  off  in  the  ordi- 
nary line  of  discounts.  The  patriotic  course 
of  tbe  banks  redounded  directly  to  their  own 
advaniage,  they  being  greatly  s'rengthened 
by  the  impulse  which  their  action  gave  to  the 
business  of  the  country.  The  specie  line  of 
the  banks  of  New  York,  Philadelphia  and 
Boston  has  suffered  no  reduction ;  the  expen- 
ditures of  Government,  like  those  of  any 
othdr  borrower,  come  round  again  in  due 
course  into  their  vaults.  The  additions  to 
the  coin  of  the  country  from  abroad  and  from 
California  are  estimated  this  year  at  $100,- 
000,000. 

It  is  beginning  to  be  a  matter  of  doubt 
whether  the  loss  of  Southern  trade  has 
been  on  the  whole  much  of  a  disad- 
vantage in  a  dollar  and  cent  point  of 
view.  The  chief  effect  of  the  former  large 
shipments  of  cptt3n  and  tobacco  was  to  stim- 
ulate enormous  imports,  draining  the  North  of 
specie,  which  wenCto  the  credit  of  the  South. 
As  has  been  happily  said,  our  large  exports 
of  breadituffa,  meats,  &c.,  unlike  those  of 
cotton  and  tobacco,  are  our  own,  and  the 
proceeds  go  to  enrich  ouraelres.  The  prime 
cause  cf  the  sfingency  ai  the  inauguration  of 
the  rebellion,  was  not  so  much  due  to  the 
loss  of  southern  trade  as  to  the  loss  of  the 
debts  due  from  the  South.  We  hav^  within 
ourselves  every  element  of  prosperity  that 
'  can  be  desired,  and  to  a  greater  degree  than 
was  ever  before  vouchsafed  to  mankkid.    If 


the  process  of  crashing  out  the  rebellion 
imposes  a  heavy  debt  upon  us,  our  ability  to 
liquidate  that  debt  must  LOt  be  gauged  by 
the  ability  of  the  over-taxed  millions  of  Bu* 
rope  to  meet  the  demands  which  their  mutera 
make  upon  them. 

While  large  disbursemerts  of  capital  make 
an  easy  money  market,  pay  day  is  sure  to 
come,  when  the  opposite  effect  is  a  natural 
consequence.  It  is  possible,  perhaps  proba- 
ble, that  should  our  indebtedness  be  in- 
creased to  a  very  heavy  amount,  a  party  will 
spring  up  who  will  advocate  a  permanent 
public  debt,  as  an  efficient  means  of  strength- 
ening our  government  by  giving  aapitalista  a 
direct  interest  in  its  stability,  as  is  the  case 
with  Great  Britain.  It  is  plain  to  see,  in  such 
an  event  that  the  proposition  will  be  earnestly 
combatted  by  a  large  share  of  our  people, 
who  have  a  traditional  hatred  ofa  public  debt, 
and  who  will  scout  the  idea  that  such  a  glori- 
ous government  cannot  stand  upon  its  own 
Intrinsic  merits. 

Floar* 

Oar  market  for  flour  twelve  months  ago 
opened  very  dull,  but  the  supposition  seemed 
well  founded  that  the  incoming  year  was  to 
be  oharaeterized  by  a  satisfactory  and  proa- 
perons  trade.  The  realization  would  have 
been  peculiarly  grateful  to  Michigan,  with 
her  large  wheat  crop,  her  superior  facilities 
for  its  manufacture,  in  which  an  immeoae 
amount  is  invested,  and  her  unrivaled  ship- 
ping alvantage^.  It  was  believed  that  large 
supplies  would  be  required  for  Europe,  and 
it  was  presumed  that,  as  a  necessary  conse- 
quence, the  market  would  assume  and  pre- 
serve some  degree  of  buoyancy.  But,  al- 
though the  first  supposition  proved  correct, 
it  is  somewhat  anomalous  that  the  hopes 
based  thereon  should  in  tbe  sequel  be  disap> 
pointed.  If  the  fact  had  not  long  ago  been 
confessed,  the  events  of  the  past  year  would 
of  themselves  be  amply  sufficient  to  demon- 
strate the  futility  of  all  attempts  at  the  exer- 
cise of  prescience  in  commercial  affairs.  Not 
ouly  have  unlocked  for  contingencies  con- 
spired to  depress  the  market,  but  a  prejudi- 
cial influence  has  been  exerted  by  causes 
naturally  supposed  to  be  productive  of  the 
very  opposite  results.  In  some  previous 
years,  when  not  a  tihe  of  this  year's  exports 
was  sent  abroad,  the  market  has  derived 
great  bnyoancy  from  a  speculative  feeling, 
and  in  1859  speculation  ran  wild  oa  the 
strength  of  an  advance  abroad,  although  New 
York  prices  exceeded  those  in  Liverpool  by 
a  dollar  a  barrel.  The  difterent  state  of 
things  this  year  was  owing  in  part  to  a  gen- 
eral lack  of  confidence  in  speculations  that 
depended  solely  on  future  developments,  bat 
probably  still  more  to  our  large  crops,  upon 
which  the  forei^^  shipments,  large  as  they 


0 


9,  Momed  to  make  bat  little    impressioD. 

Thereoeipts  of  floar  and  the  io>  rces  of 

•apply  for  tbe  p«Nt  year  are  as  follow* : 

r  Mloblftn  Central  R.R.,bbU 873.716 

V i>etron and  MU»|ukee  B.  R mii\o 

V  netroU  and  Toledo  R,  R 


ly  Great  Weitern  Railway 
~70rand  Traaic  Ral.way 

rAaatwIie...., 

aanada.  by  lall 


&»^ 


68,847 

W3 

hW 

UK 

1.2U 

ToUllmporU l.S0fliin4 

teami,  eiUmatert 1S,000 

lafaotaredby  oitymll.a 43600 

Total  inpply ..i,m,W 

The  shipments  are  as  follows : 

oiMdtby  H.C.  R.  R.  and  lake 446.807 

ooS  by  M.  0,  R.  R.  and  «».  W.  R  .  .!U8,260 

onghbyM.d.  B.R.and&.T   R..  M.J'43 

onabby  D.  A  M.  R.  B.  and  ».  W.  R.llP.778 

neb  by  0.  AT.  K.  R. and  G.  W.  R.  80,Z9s 

D|^  by  l».  A  T.  R,  R.  and  tt.  T.  R.  12.421 

nsh  by  D.  i  M.  S.  R.  and  O.  f  .  &  80.214 

pihbr  D.  AM,  R.  R.  and  lake....  60,«12>1.004.906 

-  .jl  ililBmeDte  by  lake. a2L646 

4o         do       byO.  W.R 20,218 

do        byG.T.R 18.463 

10         do        byD.AT.R.B 1.U67-  356.883 

1  361  3(9 

Oonanmed  and  on  hanl 'ua,816 

Total  dlapoal  lion I,8ti3,604 

Mtmlhlv  Receipts  and  :8hipm«ia»for  iteovearc. 


1861. 


1860. 


Reoeipta 
Jann^ry 8$.0B4 

Sebinary....  68.ti7u 
[arob. N.496 

Ainrll 72.904 

May. »2.S<6 

Jane 81519 

Joly 48  618 

Aoinut, 77.081 

Mptember... 205,667 

Ootober 244.807 

November.. aj4.88)l 
December..  94,788 


Bh'ritenta 
78.274 
51.947 

43.S60 

80.774 
78176 
49,376 
66.781 

19a48; 

248  080 

186  448 

106.099 


Reoeipta 

:8.8S0 

17,340 

86.240 

46  6H0 

£7  888 

29.298 

]9S6i 

96,744 

16.066 

217.784 

)  83,161 

69  990 


Bblrmanta 

11749 

8.790 

63.465 
28,660 
81,323 
20.028 


163.U4 
196.m 
162.883 
41,806 


The  recdpts  ao4  sbipments  of  fl  >n^  for  the 
past  five  years  are  as  follows  : 


fiecelpta 
..».  bbla. 

1»J 482192 

1866 692,^87 

1869 606  840 

IfgO ^62,176 

1861 1.32T14O 


Shipment! 
bbla. 


479,160 
606  917 
478,018 
809.619 
1,261,389 

Saoh  of  our  mills  ss  are  located  in  white 
wheat  sections,  have,  as  a  general  tLing,  done 
aa  mnch  as  last  year,  and  as  the  character  of 
tbeirflo°>^  has  S(  cored  regular  buyers,  they 
have  steadily  received  remunerating  returns, 
bntitbe  establishments  which  have  to  depend 
upon  *®  manufacture  of  red  wheat,  have 
turned  out  comparatively  very  lifle.  This  is 
owing  *o  the  fact  that,  moat  of  the  time  red 
wheat  hrought  so  much  b«»tter  rates,  propor- 
tionately than  '.,hite,  that  the  millers  turned 
speculators,  and  sold  their  stock  in  prefer- 
ence to  the  less  profitable  and  more  uncertain 
process  of  converting  it  into  fiour.  The  cause 
of  the  relatively  higher  market  value  of  red 
wheat,  was  doul  ess  owing  in  a  <^egree  to  its 
being  required,  by  reason  of  its  huperior 
strength,  to  mix  with  the  weak  grain  bar- 
Tested  in  France.  At  least,  it  was  largely 
used  for  that  purpose  in  England  the  year 
previous,  when  the  English  crop  waa  inferior. 


The  peculiar  strength  of  our  winter  red  west- 
ern wheat  has  been  known  and  appreciated 
in  Great  Britain  for  soveral  years  past,  and 
its  reputation  may  now  be  regarded  as  firmly 
established.  When  there  is  good  cause  to 
expect  a foreien  demand,  our  farmers  should 
not  fail  to  take  advantage  of  the  fact,  and 
seed  a  large  breadth  with  this  excellent  du- 
soription  of  grain. 

Some  few  red  wheat  mills  in  this  State  and 
Northern  Indiana,  which  have  established  a 
good  reputation,  have  doubtless  driven  a  very 
flourishing  trade,  but  these  are  exceptional 
cases,  the  manufactured  article  being  gen. 
erally  dull  in  comparison  with  the  raw  mate* 
riaL  Foreign  buyers  persisted  in  confining 
their  views  to  low  figures,  and  reoeivers  fold 
at  the  ruling  prices  rather  than  aconmnlate 
large  stocks,  in  which  they  no  doubt  acted 
wisely. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  year  there  was  but 
lutlo  to  relieve  the  monotony  of  our  market. 
There  was  no  shipping  margin  for 
purchasers,  and  consequently  very  little 
demand.  There  were  buyers  through* 
out  the  entire  season,  er  nearly  so; 
but  their  figures  were  generally  below  first 
cost,  and,  and  the  occasional  lota  disposed  of 
amounted  to  little  more  than  forced  sales. 
About  the  first  of  January,  having  only  a 
moderate  stock,  we  felt  the  effect  of  a  slight 
advance  at  the  East,  yet  at  the  same  time 
rome  three  or  four  thousand  barrels  might 
have  been  bought  here  at  |4  60(84.76  for  fair 
to  good  extrafi,  which  was  a  mere  shade 
above  the  price  at  which  the  market  had 
ruled  steadily  through  tue  preceding  month. 
Immediately  after  New  Year's  farmers  com* 
menced  bringing  in  a  liitle  wheat  to  the 
millers,  who  were  encouraged  by  the  steady 
feeling  to  recommence  manuftioturing  to 
some  extent.  Towards  the  middle  of  Janu* 
ary  our  local  receipts  of  flour  were  on  tiie 
ascending  scale,  although  it  was  evident  that 
we  were  then  in  no  imminent  danger  of  a 
glut.  In  fact,  farmers  were  indiffierent  about 
selling,  confidence  in  prices  seemina  to  pos- 
sess the  minds  of  all.  Throughout  January, 
buyers'  figures  ranged  mostly  from  $4.87ft  to 
$4.60  for  extras,  with  some  few  large  sales. 
From  the  26ih  until  the  second  we?k  in 
February,  there  was  Excellent  skighing, 
and  the  season  was  one  of  the  best  for 
business  ever  known,  yet  evrry thing  was  re- 
markably dull,  farmers  in  Michigan,  Indiana 
and  Ohio,  being  disposed  to  hold  back  until 
after  seeding,  whild  in  6anada  deliveries 
were  quite  large.  From  this  time  until  the 
meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trad  ,  early  in 
April,  the  market  was  nominally  unchanged. 

About  the  middle  of  May  a  decided  im- 
provement ana  better  demand  sprung  up, 
mainly  owing  to  the  cutting  off  of  the  sup- 


ft 


pll<?8  of  oboice  Sonlhetn  floar,  that  formerly 
foand  Its  way  into  the  Easteru  markets,  par- 
ticalarly  Boston.  Hates  advanced  87iO60o 
for  extra  and  suporior,  over  those  prevailiog 
the  first  of  the  month.  This  baoyanoy  only 
ooDtinaed  a  abort  period,  bat  while  it  lasted 
it  wan  regarded  by  many  as  the  preonrsor  of 
a  still  more  material  advance,  and  acooidinR- 
Iv  retailers  pmobased  liberal  stocks.  Abont 
the  middle  of  Jmie  complete  stagnat  on  over* 
took  tiie  market,  a  state  in  which  it  continued 
with  little  variation  nnlil  after  harvest.  Ou 
the  20lh  Jane,  the  steamer  brooght  news  of  a 
decline  in  the  English  breadalaf»  market,  the 
eflftot  of  a  cribis  orlginatiog  from  the  troubles 
on  this  side  of  the  water.  Buying  compara< 
lively  almost  literally  nothing  from  her,  her 
aterling  bills,  so  eagerly  sought  for  at  a  high 

Eremiam,  when  the  bidaoce  of  trade  was  in 
er  favor,  now  became  a  drug,  w.joBe  only 
office  was  to  draw  gold  from  her  to  pay  for 
our  bre  dstoffa.  Daring  the  month  of  July 
nothing  transpired  worthy  of  note.  Between 
the  7th  and  10th  August,  a  few  sales  of  new^ 
flour  were  made,  the  samples  attracting  great 
interest  on  account  of  their  superior  quality. 
Throughout  Aogust  and  3eptemner,the  market 
ftiUy  maintained  its  character  for  dullness. 
The  trade  in  wheat  monopolized  the  atten> 
tien  of  our  operators,  no  Confidence  being 
felt  ic  the  permaneuOT  of  prices.  To  crown 
tJl,  the  demand  for  the  up  country  proved 
much  lighter  than  usual.  In  someimpor* 
taut  points  in  the  lumber  rooions,  about 
enough  wheat  for  the  supply  of  the  local  de< 
mand  was  harvested.  The  depression  in  the 
lumber  trade  has  also  operated  against  the 
trade,  and  some  of  our  river  tovns  have  im- 
ported flour  from  Canada. 

During  the  fore  part  of  September  there 
was  no  inquiry,  except  from  dealers  who 
knew  where  to  place  their  purchases  at  once, 
while  at  the  same  time  m*Uers  in  the  interior 
were  doing  so  little  that  our  current  local  re- 
ceipts were  exceedingly  light.  With  the  ap- 
proach of  the  fall  trade,  there  was  a  rather 
better  inquiry  for  the  upper  country,  but  the 
busineHS  assumed  no  animation,  and  although 
prices  rather  stiffened  up  a  little,  it  was  owing 
more  to  the  scanty  stock  than  to  any  other 
cause.  About  the  middle  of  September  some 
little  export  inqairy  began  to  manifest  itself, 
but  up  to  about  the  last  of  the  month  very 
little  bad  been  done  on  that  account.  About 
the  first  of  October  a  new  and  brighter  era 
dawned  upon  the  trade.  A  decided  im- 
provement in  prices  took  place,  with  a  very 
good  demand,  which  continued  until  the  close 
of  navigation,  and  a  degree  of  buoyancy  pre- 
vailed that  presented  a  striking  ani  gratify- 
ing contrast  wit!~  the  almost  uninterrupted 
stagnation  of  the  rest  of  the  year.  This  was 
oving  almost  entirely  to  ther  equirements  for 


the  New  England  trade.  Thef  "st  week  in  Oo* 
tober  some  8,000  barrels  were  taken  for  that 
market,  and  ttom  that  time  forward  all  good 
branda  not  held  at  extreme  figures  were 
promptly  taken,  some  purchases  of  consider- 
able lots  being  made  after  the  close,  and  for- 
warded by  rail.  Namerons  mills  which  had 
been  in  a  state  of  suspension,  started  once 
more  into  activity,  encouraged  by  the  new 
turn  in  affkiirs. 

We  did  comparatively  little  with  New  Eng- 
land  in  1860,  and  that  little  was  not  calcu- 
lated to  tell  in  our  favor,  owing  to  the  infe- 
rior character  of  our  wheat  that  year.  Far- 
thermore,  the  crops  of  cereals,  especially 
wheat  and  com,  were  never  so  large  in  New 
England  as  in  1860.  This  abundance  was 
this  year  followed  by  a  light  crop,  and  the  at- 
tention of  buyers  for  that  market  was  soon 
attracted  hither  by  the  superb  character  of 
eur  Michigan  wheat,  in  reference  to  which 
those  amply  qualified  to  form  an  opinion  pro- 
nounce our  crop  of  1861  the  best  raised  in 
the  world; 

Among  the  buyers  we  were  happy  to  note 
one  or  two  heavy  ones  trrom  Portland. — 
There  is  no  good  cause  why  our  trade  with 
important  place  should  not  rapidly  grow  to 
great  importance,  mutually  beneficial  to  both 
cities.  We  have  in  great  abundance  all  of 
the  leading  staples  which  she  requires  for 
sustaining  the  population  of  the  region  looking 
to  her  as  a  market,  while  she  is  a  factor  for 
many  leading  articles  which  we  are  daily  de- 
riving from  the  seabeard,  especially  molas- 
ses and  dried  fish.  An  arrangement  could 
be  eflTected  without  difficulty  by  which  we 
could  pay  here  for  all  the  proiducts  received 
from  her,  by  which  means  exchange  would 
be  saved. 

The   fellowing   table   table    exhibits  the 

prices  for  sir gle  extra  flours  in  our   market 

twice  a  month    during    the  y  ar,   the  inside 

figure  being  the  average  price  of  red,  and  the 

outeide  figure  for  that  of  white  extras. 

The  following  will  show  the  current  rates 

for  extra  C   ; '  in  this  market  twice  a  month, 

daring  the  >  ^ar  1860 : 

Jan.    l8t 4  8704  62 

Jan.    16th 4  a5ia4  60 

Feb.    1st 4  3704  62 

Keb.    16th 4  87@4  6'2 

March  l8t 4  37® 4  62 

inarch  15th 4  37®1  «2 

April     l<t 4  8704  76 

Apill16th 4  6084  87 

May  Ist ..4  5U@4  87 

May  15th 4  75@6  12 

JunelBt 4  t)a(dD  00 

Jane  l&th 4  6'M4  87 


Jaly  iRt 4  87®4  87 

July   16th 4  25@4  70 

ADgust  iRt 3  8734  25 

AuRUSt  16th 3  8  ®4  12 

Sep.  iRt 8  8794  12 

Sep.   15':h 4  00®4  87 

Oct.  Ist 4  37®4  63 

]6th  4  37®4  62 

Ut 4  87®4  62 

16  h 4  60@4  87 

1st 4  Mi®4  87 

)6h 4.S7@4  76 


Oct. 

Wov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
De', 


AVjRAOB  PRIOV  OP  BXTRA  WHfTK  WBBAT    FLOUB    IX    DT- 


tr3:t  roB  thrbb  tbars. 


1'59 
1860 
1861 


5.84 
6.27 
4.66 


Inasmuch  as  the  relation  ot  our  market  for 
flour  to  thai  of  New  Tork  is  of  a  somewhat 
anomalous  nature,  we  inclade  a  brief  resume 


8 


of  the  condition  of  the  latter.    The  market 
opened  pretty  firm  at  the  beginning  of  the 
year,  but  inside   of  ten  days  the  increased 
flrmnef  8  on  ocean  freights  and  liberal  receipts 
indaoed  more   disposition  to   realize.    The 
fliookwaa  only  671,000  bbK,  say  250,000  bar- 
rels less  than  the  year  before,   but  anfa7ora- 
ble  news  from  Europe  was  looked  for,  which 
neutralized   the  ioaaence   this    Jiminntion 
would  otherwise  have  had.    At  the  close  o.f 
the  month  there  was  a  fair  enquiry,  but  with 
still  another  advance  hi  ocean  freights  anc 
unfavorable  foreign  news,  prices  were  lower 
and  irregular.    The  leading  features  of  Feb- 
ruary were  still  higher  freights  and  a  rapid 
decline  in  sterling  exchange.    In  March,there 
was  a  still  further  decliDe  abroad,  which,  be- 
fore tha  close,  was  more  than  recovered,  so 
far  as  good  qualities  were  concerned,  and 
freights  being  a  liitle  easier,  prices  about  the 
Istof  April  improved,  with  fair  export  de- 
maud.    Between  this  period,  however,  and 
the  last  of  May,  owing  to  high  freights  and 
the  c-ntiaued  difScnlty  in  negotiating  sterlings 
excbauge,  the  market  was  generally  dull' 
but  a  tended  by  no  importaLt  fluctuations. — 
The  fore  part  of  June,  there  was  consider- 
able activity  for  export,  particularly  for  low 
grades,  which  were  pressed  on  the  market  at  an 
abatement.  The  ktier  part  cf  the  montb  there 
was  a  still  futher  decline,  which  was  taken  ad- 
vantage of  by  shippers  to  fill  thel.<  orders,and  a 
largo  business  was  done.    About  the  first 
Wf-ok   in  June,  owing  to  very  unfavorable 
^lish  news,  rates  declined  30340c.,  which 
induced  considerable  speculative  demand.  At 
this  time  tbe  lowest  prices  were  acceptea  ever 
^nown  in  New  Yutk,  v  z :  S.26  for  snperfioe, 
and  8  75  for  extra.    The  next  Great  Eastern 
arrived  soon  after  with  a  shade  belter  raws, 
but  heavy  receipts  counterbal&nced  its  efifact. 
Tbe  first  week  iu  August  was  attended  wiib 
the  first  real  buoyancy  for  a  long  period. — 
Although  the  news  were  less  favorable  from 
England,  it  became  evident    that    a  large 
amount  oi  breadstufis  would  be  reqaired  fur 
France,  to  supply  the  great  deficiency  ttiere. 
About  tlie  same  time  freights  declined,  and 
an  advance  of  10020c.  was  established.  Tiie 
matket  maintained  its  buoyancy  throughout 
September,  chiefly  tustained  by  tbe  French 
demand,  tbe  English  or.ers  being  below  the 
current  rates,  with  some  little  irregularity  on 
account  ef  freights.    Near  the  close  of  tbe 
month  tbe  market  became  exci<.ed  on  account 
of  the  French  news,  l;at  owing  to  a  rise  in 
freiehtp  and  the  throwing  of  considerable  un- 
sound flour  upon  ibe  market,  business  was 
restricted.    Of  TSOOObbls,  exported  October 
8d,  less  than  20,000  bbls.  was  for  Qrect  Brit, 
ain.    The  lai>t  uf  October,  ike  demand  for 
the  British  market  received  a  still  farther 
check  by  another  rise  in  freights. 


Tho  year  1861  opened  with  a  very  despond- 
ent feeling  with  respect  to  trade,  owing  to  tbe 
political  troubles  which  were  beginning  to 
convulse  tho  country,  and  the  consequent 
panic  in  the  money  market.  At  the  outset, 
the  \»ucat  market,  in  common  with  every 
other  department  of  bnsiness,  felt  the  depres- 
sing influence  of  those  tronbLts.  The  lights 
of  experience  were  wanting;  In  determining 
the  probably  flnal  issue,  and  wheat  buyers,  in 
common  with  other  dealers,  were  wholly  at 
sea,  and  for  a  sh-^rttime  it  could  be  said  that 
there  was  almost  literally  no  market  for  wheat 
in  Detroit.  There  was,  however,  so  little  of- 
fering that  no  embarrasment  was  felt  s  >  far 
as  the  fact  itself  was  concerned.  Sellers 
wereiui  willinff  as  buyers  to  await  further  de- 
velopments. Our  market  recovered  its  tone 
in  the  latter  part  of  January,  when  prices  at 
New  York  attained  neady  as  high  a  point  as 
before  the  panic,  and  the  rates  here  continued 
correspondingly  fair,  .with  a  good  feelin?,  un- 
to the  inauguration  of  civil  war  by  the  fall 
of  Sumter,  when  another  stirngency  in  the 
money  market  supervened,  together  with  a 
generni  derangement  of  business,  causing  a 
considerable  decline,  with  a  very  dull  feeling. 
The  decline  here  was  7  cents  per  bushel. 
From  ^bat  period  until  harvest,  no  striking 
features  were  develop^,  and  no  great 
flactuations  occurred;  altboagb  from  the 
middle  of  May  to  tbe  latter  part  of  June, 
the  market  more  than  recovered,  bo^h 
in  tone  and  price.  This  was  owing 
to  the  foreign  demand,  which,  in  spite 
of  the  almost  constantly  varying  phases  it  as- 
sumed, was  steady  and  generally  active 
tbrougboat  tbe  entire  year,  or  at  least  nearly 
so.  Early  in  June,  unfavorable  rewa  from 
England,  coupled  with  heavy  arrivals  at  tbe 
sea-board,  flattened  tho  market,  followed  by 
a  decline  which  coutinned  l>y  re^'nlar  stages 
until  tbe  first  week  of  Aa<^u.si,  when  it  onco 
more  iissnirrd  a  vr  y  buoyant  tone  owing  to 
tbe  demand  fur  Fruuce,  P  ices  opened  very 
moderately  after  harvest,  the  prevailing  im- 
preesion  being  that  m  consequence  i  the 
large  crop,  with  a  heavier  stock  of  old  wheat 
left  over  than  usual,  prices  throughout  tbe 
fall  would  rule  rather  low.  But  the  French 
demand  proving  greater  than  bau  been  an- 
ticipated, coupled  with  a  fair  demand  for 
England,  (whose  breadstnfis  markft  had 
itself  stiffened  up  in  consequence  of  the 
French  demand)  prices  gradually  improved 
and  continued  good,  with  some  fluctuations, 
up  to  the  dose  of  navigation,  with  an  actlTo 
demand. 

The  French  have  been  in  our  market  in  for- 
mer yearli,  but  never  before  for  so  long  a 
time,  nor  to  so  great  an  extent.  The  French 
duties  were,  in  the   first    place,   rendered 


I 

I 


I    of  the 
I    freight, 
^    netsed. 
tendenJ 
vent  a 
4    pauies 


9 


m&rL-ly  Lomiuul  by  special  decree  of  the  £iq« 
pei'or,  and  the  low  prrces  in  this  couDtry, 
eaperindacefl  by  oar  enormons  crops,  1  d 
their  buyers  to  eeek  oar  market).  Had  oar 
pricts  been  higher,  at  least  considerably  su, 
they  woald  doubtless  have  sought  other 
countries  for  their  entire  supplies. 

Tbe  crop  was  harvested  in  superb  condition, 
and  the  berry  was  in  pleasing  contrast  with 
the  shrivelled  product  of  the  previous  year. 
Its  superior  quality  attracted  great  attention 
wherever  introduced.  The  opening  rates  on 
the  street  were  82c.  for  red,  and  86  for  white. 
Wbile  it  was  soon  ascertained  that  tbe  quality 
of  the  red  was  almost  unvaryingly  good,  it 
was  found  n.'cessary  to  exercise  considerable 
discrimination  as  regarded  white,  in  conse- 
quence of  its  rather  variable  quality.  The 
proporiion  of  white  wheat  was  larger  than 
last  year,  both  in  Michigan  and  elsewhere, 
which,  coupled  with  the  fact  that  the  foreign 
demand  was  chiefly  for  spring  and  red  wiuter, 
made  red  the  favorite  article  of  traffic,  its 
price  ruling  rela^tively  much  the  highest  dar- 
ing the  most  of  txie  season. 

Simultaneous  with  the  improvement  at  the 
seaboard,  to  which  we  have  already  referred, 
a  nuiiber  of  buyers  from  elsewhere  made 
'  their  appearance  in  our  market,  whose  move- 
ments gave  rise  to  a  warm  competition, 
prices  on  the  street  not  unfrequently  running 
up  to  a  figure  above  that  paid  for  lots  free 
on  board.  On 'Change  tbe  utmost  baoyaccy 
generally  prevailed,  and  the  sales  were  the 
largest  ever  koovvu.  A  lai'ge  amount  was 
taken  by  Canada  buyers,  bat  doubtless  most 
of  it  uiiimately  found  its  way  to  £arope. 

One  of  tbe  most  prominent  commbrcial 
features  of  the  year  has  been  ihe  gr^.  t  and 
rapid  advance  iu  lake  and  railroad  ffti^uts 
during  tbe  latter  part  of  the  season.  Tnis 
has  taken  largely  oii  the  pi  ice  of  wheat  as 
well  as  of  ail  other  products  seeking  au  out- 
let to  market,  at  times  preventing  a  rijo  iu 
Sricesi  ere  to  coirespouci  with  advances  at 
few  York.  It  has  been  simply  taking  so 
much  L'om  the  pockets  of  the  larmers  and 
tranbferriog  it  to  tbe  coffers  of  the  Irau'^- 
portation  Companies.  This  of  coarse  op- 
erates very  onerously  upon  the  producer, 
albeit,  in  strict  accordance  with  tue  law  of 
supply  and  demand.  Were  produce  scarce 
and  Ireigh'.iog  ficilities  overabundant,  prices 
of  transportation  would  be  at  a  very  low 
fiaaro,  as  railroad  stockholders  and  owners  of 
vessels  know  from  experience.  But  the  past 
season  tbe  tables  were  tUiUed.  Our  exhibit 
of  receipts  and  shipments  will  convey  an  idea 
of  the  enormous  amount  of  eastern  bound 
freight.  A  parallel  was  never  before  wit- 
netsed.  The  vigilance  of  Railroad  Superio- 
tendents  ha<*  been  constantly  taxed  to  pre- 
vent a  dead -lock;  lake  transpoitation  com- 
panies have  bt«n  utte:ly  unable  to  accom- 


modate the  business  pressing  upon  them,  and 
have  given  up  in  despair  in  some  instances, 
and  actual  lly  begged  their  customers,  by 
special  notitication,  to  send  them  no  more 
freight 

Since  the  close  of  navigation,  but  little  has 
been  done.  Pi  ices  rulmg  a  little  below  the 
average  during  tbe  fdll,  farmers  have  not 
been  very  anxious  to  sell,  and  tbe  bad  con- 
dition ol  tbe  roads  in  tbe  interior  has  tended 
to  ckeck  business.  But  there  is  considerable 
wheat  in  first  hands  in  this  State,muca  more 
than  usual  at  this  season  of  the  year. 

To  sum  up,  we  should  say  that  this  has 
been  quite  a  fair  year  for  operators,  but  stiU 
not  so  good  as  many  suppose.  Before  harvest 
everytQiug  was  unsettled  and  ancertaio,  and 
since  iiarvest,  there  uas  been  very  little  mar- 
gin between  count  y  and  city.  The  business 
could  not  well  have  been  closer,  tbe  market 
leading  otf  only  a  few  cents  higber  than  the 
opening  figures.  The  season  has  certainly 
bean  a  good  one  for  buyers  compared  with 
1860,  wueu  prices  went  steadily  downward 
alter  (he  gr^un  had  left  the  producers'  hanus. 
A  few,  and  comparatively  speaking  only  a 
very  lew,  haviug  tbe  means  to  purchase 
when  the  maiket  was  at  itiilo<vest,  have 
leaped  golden  harvests  this  year,  but  the 
most  that  can  be  said  is  that  tney  have  been 
lucky. 

We  are  glad  to  be  able  to  state  that  the 
want  of  bt  jrage  iacdities,  which  has  at  times 
been  a  great  arawback  to  busmess,  is  an  evil 
ttiai  will  be  no  longer  felt.  A  spacious  eleva- 
te r  has  been  erected  at  the  Milwaukee  Kail- 
way,  and  two  other  good  elevators  have  been 
projected  and  completed  during  tbe  year. — 
Our  facilities  fur  storage  and  snipment  now 
begin  to  De  in  keeping  with  the  position  of 
our  city  as  tbe  mebro^olisof  cne  Qi  the  most 
important  grain-growing  States  of  tbe  Union. 
0.,ner  important  euterprizes  of  the  same 
cbaracter  are  iu  coutempldtion,  and  will  ere 
lung  be  couaummated. 

We  have  been  at  considerable  trouble  to 
enablj  our  readers  to  form  an  adequate  idea 
of  tne  true  character  of  'Vlichigau  wneat,  and 
with  t  iis  view  have  obtained  a  complete  sum- 
mary ol  tue  amount  inspected  during  tho 
year  with  the  respective  grades.  It  viil  be 
seen  ibdt  the  rejull  is  highly  creuitabe  tj 
tbe  character  of  last  year's  crop,  i'ue  res- 
pective amounts  foot  up  as  follows : 

Grade.  bushels. 

Fxtra  white ,3?82 

No.lwhLc 54tf,133 

No.awuUe,  IWyi-* 

Besieoteiwnlte <'W>" 

Total  white. ..,.^     600.096 

No.  1  red 63\100 

No.  2  red.   ^ 1*0.^" 

Rtjeotedred, ^^^ 

Total  red, JSUm 

Total  atnou-;t:nsj)oc.ed,        -     *  1,3M.031 


10 


I 


The  receipts  of  wheat  the  past  year,  and 
the  sonrces  of  supply,  are  as  follows : 

By  M.  0. ».  1?..  bu.       -      .      -       -      1.610.S18 

By  D.  ana  M.  B.  B.,  bu.    ■      •              •  7I7.V29 

By  T,  and  T,  B.  R.,  bu,       •              -  120,147 

ByO.  W.  R'y,  bu.       .       .       -       .       .  414 

ByO.  T.  R'y.  bu.             •       '       -       -  4.013 

OoDstWse.  bn,       ..--..  1,363 

^om  Canadian  ports,  bu.      •      -      -  61,28*^ 

By  teams,  estimated,        .      .      -      -  600,0OO 

Total.      .-.•...     3.005.111 
The  shipments  are . 
Through  by  M.  0,  B,  R.  a"d  lake,  bu,     -    2S3,fil7 
M.  O,  B,  R,  and  O.  W.  RV.  bu.    36.715 
M.  O.  R.  R.  and  O.  T.  R'y.  bo,        4.128 
T).  and  M,  R.  B.  and  a.  W.  R  y.  37.01(5 
D.  and  K.  B.  B.  and  lakp.  bn.      18.892 
n.  and  M.  R.  R.  and  O.  T,  jvr.    6.101 
n.  and  T.  R,  R,  nnd  P.  W.  R'y.     3.623 
T       .V  5-  S"*  ''•  R-  R-  »ndG,  T.  R'y,    47.098  380.089 
LocalbyG.T\R'y,bu.      -      -      .      .   1.472 
V.      g.  W.R'ybp.    .      .      -      .  71 

'•      D.  and  T.  R,  R..  bn.    -       -         2.055 
"      Lake,  bu,       •       -      -      •     2.321.3K0 

2.324.978 

^       Total  shfpmont*,      .      .      .      .      •      2.7fp5,067 
Groundby  city  mills,      .      .      .      -      •  191.000 

Increase  of  stock  on  hwd,      .      .      .      •         109.044 

Total  digppsltlor.      .      -      -      .      -      3,005J11 

BZOBPTS  AND  SHIFUENTS  MONTtlLT  FOK  TWO  Y1SXW. 
1861.                                I860. 

R)>oefptB.  Fhlp'ts.  Rpcelpto.  Ship'ts. 

Janniir*    ■       -70  690  49..360          17.627  1,33 

February     -   -   .35,974  1,3,645         lO.POl  860 

March  ....    .38,6,38  23.916          ,<«  284  1.153 

Anr»l  .   .     .    -    60  229  104.725          79.723  55  024 

May 85.796  04.645          69  097  1''S.901 

June    ....  206.265  209,283          21.893  72.741 

July 58.6R1  70  614           6.3.664  40.490 

Angnst    -     -     .  214.818  226.268  .318.782  ■*  262.681 

September    .    -  649.817  641 613  374.418  3^1.R34 

October    -    .    .  886  881  976.817  209.641  498.644 

November  -  .  -  245,760  886.210  196.2.30  193.007 

December   •   .   46,722  8,171         12,221  10,676 

[In  our  monthly  tables  the  receipts  by 
teams  are  not  incladed.] 

The  wheat  crops  of  1859  and  1860  having 
turned  out  well,  and  being  free  from  the  as- 
saults 0f  the  fly,  the  farmers  were  indnced 
to  BOW  a  large  breadth  of  land  with  this  grain 
in  the  fall  of  1860  so  that  the  wheat  harvest 
of  1861  was  larger  than  usual,  although  not 
so  productive  as  that  of  the  preceding  year. 
From  the  plumpness  and  evenness  of  the 
grain,it  could  cot  havii>  suffered  much,  if  auy, 
from  the  attack  of  the  weevil,  so  that  the  de- 
ficiency in  acreable  produce  must  be  caused 
by  the  excessive  drought  of  the  summer. 
The  harvest- weather  was  fatrorable,  and  a 
large  part  of  the  crop  was  secured  in  good 
condition ;  a  considernble  portion,  however, 
was  stacked  in  the  fields  in  so  careless  a  man* 
ner  that  the  heavy  rain  which  fell  shortly  af- 
ter the  crop  was  reaped,  penetrated  to  the 
heart  of  the  stacks  and  did  much  damage  by 
causing  the  grain  to  sprout. 

Sometimes  it  is  necessary  to  keep  wheat  in 
the  field  in  order  to  permit  the  grain  ;  nd 
straw  t(s  become  dry  ard  fit  for  ipmoval  to 
the  bam,  ard  while  undergoing  the  process, 
it  is  very  often  ov«rtaken  by  rain  and  con- 
siderably damaged.  Evejy  farmer  does  not 
own  a  barn  capacious  enough  for  the  storage 
of  a  large  crop  of  wheat,  and  it  therefore  be- 
comes  necessary  to  stock   in  the  field  or 


haggard.  This  work  being  too  often  per- 
formed in  a  0  ./<)les8  or  slovenly  manner,  a 
heavy  shower  penetrates  the  stocks  to  the 
centre,  and  both  grain  and  straw  receive 
damage.  Michigan  is  celebrated  for  pro- 
ducing excellent  wheat,  and  if  the  grain  were 
properly  managed  in  the  harvesting,  and 
cleaning  for  the  market,  its  superiority  over 
the  produce  of  other  States  would  be  more 
apparent,  but  too  many  of  our  farmers  are 
attached  to  old  cnstems. 

The  wheat  fly,  which  destroyed  the  wheat 
crop  of  the  UoUed  States  and  Canada  for 
several  years  in  succession,  disappeared  most 
mysteriously  after  the  memorable  frost  of  the 
night  of  July  4th,  1869,  and  for  the  three 
harvests  the  crop  has  been  good,  and  the  flour 
made  from  it  of  excellent  quality.  The  har- 
retta  in  great  Britain  and  France  liave  been 
unfavorable  for  the  last  two  years,  conse- 
quently the  stocks  of  breadstuff  in  those 
countries  have  been  nearly  run  out.— 
In  the  fall  and  winter  of  1861  more  grain  and 
flour  have  been  shipped  to  European  ports 
from  the  U.  8.  than  the  aggregate  shipments 
of  the  six  preceding  years  amount  to. 

The  Mark  Lane  Express,  which  is  one  of 
the  most  reliable  journals  in  Europe,  estimates 
the  leflciency  of  the  grain  crops  of 
Great  Britain  and  France  to  amount  to 
144,009,000  of  busheis,  and  it  is  certain  that 
the  crops  in  other  European  countries  are  also 
short,  and  large  importations  will  be  required 
to  make  up  th<)ir  deficiency.  Even  when  fa* 
vored  with  a  bountilul  harvest,  England  can 
not  feed  her  dense  manufacturing  population 
without  large  imports  of  foreign  breadstuff's, 
a  considerable  part  of  the  supply  hem?  gen- 
erally obtained  from  France.  The  harvest  in 
the  latter  country  has  been  so  deficient  this 
vear,  that  instead  of  exporting  grain  and 
flour,  she  vvill  require  about  80,000,000  bushels 
of  whsat^to'make  up  the'deficiency  in  her  own 
harve.'-t.  °  The  causes  of  the  present  most  ex- 
traordinary demand  for  American  breadstufis 
are  easily  acoounied  for. 

The  failure  of  the  potato  crop  in  Ireland 
will  have  a  very  great  effect,  not  only  in  keep- 
ing up,  but  increasing  the  British  demand  for 
our  surplus  wheat  and  corn,  so  that  there  is 
scarcely  any  prospect  that  tbe  exportations 
from  tbis  country  to  Europe  will  cease  until 
tbe  produce  of  1862  will  be  available  in  Qreat 
Britain  and  France.  It  is  fortunate  that  there 
in  at  present  vn  almost  icezbaiistible  stock 
of  wheat  and  flour  in  tbe  Northern  States,  so 
tbat^  although  the  Southern  trade  is  com- 
pletely cutoff,  and  the  qrf.t  Southern  staple 
locked  up  by  the  blockade,  the  commercial 
prospects  of  t]}e  principal  part  of  tbe  nation 
was  never  greater  than  at  present.  The  land 
teems  with  plenty.  The  700,000  men  who 
havo  enrolled  themselves  under  the  nationrl 
banner  have  an  abundance  of  the  best  food. 


11 


often  per- 
'  manner,  a 
cks  to  the 
aw  receive 
i  for  pro- 
grain  were 
eating,  and 
riorlty  over 
Id  be  more 
'armera  are   J 

the  wheat 
[panada  for 
leared  most 
frost  of  the 
r  the  three 
Qd  the  flour 
,    The  har- 

have  been 
jars,  conse- 
fs  in  those 
run  out.— 
e  grain  and 
pean  ports 

9  shipments 
it  to. 

'ii  is  one  of 
le,  estimates 

crops  of 
amount  to 
^rtain  that 
ries  are  also 
be  required 
en  when  fa- 
ingland  can 
I  population 
breadstnffs, 

bein?  gen- 
e  harvest  in 
eScient  this 
I  grain  and 
,000  bushels 
f  in  her  own 
>nt  most  ex- 
k  breadstuff^ 

in  Ireland 
mly  in  keep- 
domand  for 
bat  ihere  is 
Bxportaiions 
cease  until 
tble  in  Qreat 
e  that  there 
Btlble  stock 
rn  States,  so 
^de  is  com- 
them  staple 

commercial 
f  the  nation 
t.    The  land    | 

10  men  who  | 
the  nationrl  | 
ie  best  food,  I 


i^It  is  evident  that  agriculture  is  the  granite 
rook  which  underlies  the  proepetity  of  the 
nation,  and  upon  which  all  other  sources  of 
national  or  Individual  wealth  depend.  Euro- 
pean nations  may  be  jealous  of  the  growing 
greatness  of  the  United  States,  and  they  may 
wish  to  see  it  broken  up  into  fragments,  but 
they  nevertheless  hop<>  to  deiive  some  benefit 
ftom  the  agriculural  productions  of  each 
important  fragment.  The  wheat  and  maize 
of  the  United  States  are  now  very  acceptable 
to  the  statesmen  of  Qreat  Britain  and  France, 
who  no  doubt  feel  the  ground  shaking  be- 
neath their  feet  with  the  faint  mnrmurings  of 
that  tremendous  volcano— discontented  labor 
population.  The  wheat,  corn,  and  pork  of  the 
Northern  States  ate  a  good  set  off  to  the  cot- 
ton, rice  and  tobacco  of  the  South.  The  for- 
mer are  indispensable — they  must  be  pro- 
cured somewhere— the  latter  may  be  super- 
seded by  other  products,  bnd  in  some  oases 
dispensed  with  altogether.  France  and  Eng- 
land are  competitors  this  year  in  the  Ameri- 
can grain  market,  and  the  price  of  breadstuffs 
in  this  country  is  enhanced  by  the  simulta- 
neous demands  of  those  two  nations  for  food 
to  wake  up  the  deficioncy  of  their  harvests. — 
Neither  of  these  countries,  even  with  pros- 
perous harvests,  can  raise  enough  grain  to 
feed  their  own  population,  so  that  when  their 
harvests  fail,  the  quantities  of  foreign  bread- 
steads  required  by  them  are  enormous. 

For  the  last  two  or  three  yean  esJmates 
have  been  formed  of  the  number  of  bushels 
of  whe&t  ratsed  in  this  State,  and  although 
they  have  been  founded  upon  data  received 
from  nearly  all  the  millers  and  grain  mer- 
chants of  Michigan,  some  persons  have  con- 
sidered them  too  high.  If  the  crop  of  1860 
amounted  to  twelve  millions  of  bushels,  as  it 
is  said,  that  of  1861  amounied  to  even  great- 
er ;  for  on  no  former  year  have  the  railroads 
been  so  embarrassed  for  means  of  transporta- 
tion for  the  immense  quantities  of  wheat  and 
flour  that  have  been  pouring  in  upon  them  in 
all  directions  since  the  end  of  harvest  up  to 
the  present  day.  It  is  said  that  the  acreable 
produce  of  the  crop  of  1861  is  not  as  good 
in  general  as  it  was  in  1860,  but  the  increaf  ed 
breadth  of  land  sown  will  more  than  make  up 
for  the  deficiency,  even  if  we  admit  that  such 
has  been  the  case — a  matter  which  is  by  no 
means  certain. 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  summary  of  inspection, 
that  Miobigan  wheat  of  1861  seeins  to  be  princi- 
pally'-DJo.  I"  white  and  "No.  I"  red.  There  is 
also  a  considerable  quantity  of  "No.  2"  white  and 
"No.  2"tfed,  and  some  "rejected"  red.  It  appears 
that  European  jbuyers  are  anxious  to  import  the 
wheat  unground,  that  their  own  millers  may  de- 
rive profit  from  manufacturing  the  flour  and  dis- 
posing of  the  bran  and  other  offal,  and  on  this  ac- 
count, a  crjr  has  been  raised  la  the  British  and 
french  markets  that  American  flour  is  seldom 
equal  to   the  sample ;  that  the  produce  of  red 


wheat  is  sometimes  sold  for  white,  &e.  These  re- 
ports should  be  taken  for  what  they  are  worth, 
and  It  should  be  homo  in  mind  that  in  1845,  when 
Sir  Robert  Peel  brought  forward  his  memorable 
project  for  the  repeal  of  the  Com  Laws  and  the 
opening  of  the  British  Ports  to  Free  Trade,  the 
British  and  Irish  millers  organized  a  formidable 
opposition  to  the  introduction  of  foreign  flour,  and 
made  representations  to  the  Government  of  the 
propriety  of  introducing  wheat  to  the  ezolnsion  of 
flour,  and  they  showed  that  so  much  employment 
would  be  given,  and  so  much  profit  derived  from 
the  bran,  &o.,  that  they  made  considerable  im- 
pression on  the  eminent  statesman  we  have  nar  «d. 
Juoging  from  the  large  shipments  -of  wheat  to 
Europe  this  year,  it  would  seem  that  the  European 
manufaoturers  have  partially  suoceeded  in  giving 
the  American  article  a."bad  name." 

The  breadth  of  land  sown  with  wheat  last  fall, 
was  large,  much  larger  than  in  1860;  indeed,  it 
is  evident  that  farmers  are  annually  increasing 
the  number  of  acres  of  wheat  since  the  crop  be^an 
to  improve.  The  owner  of  a  threshing  machine 
in  Wayne  county  informs  us  that  in  1860  he 
threshed  about  2,000  bushels  of  wheat,  and  that  in 
about  the  sime  extent  of  country  in  1861,  he 
threshed  7,500  bushels,  and  from  the  number  of 
acres  sown  with  wheat  last  fall,  he  estimates  that 
if  the  next  harvest  be  prosperous,  there  will  be  a 
great  increase  in  the  number  of  bushels  in  the 
same  district,  ahd  all  over  the  State  next  harvest. 
Very  little  white  wheat  is  raised  in  Wayne  county. 
The  Mediterranean  appears  to  be  a  favorite  in 
this  locality. 

The  market  at  New  Tovk  was  essentially  under 
the  same  inflnences  throughou;  the  season  as  those 
which  gave  tone  to  the  market  for  flour.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  year  exports  were  large,  both  of 
wheat  and  com,  all  for  the  English  market.  Ship- 
ments continued  active,  with  only  temporary  in- 
terruptions, but  owing  to  freights  being  generally 
on  the  assending  scale,  and  to  the  difficulty  con- 
stantly experienced  by  buyers  in  negotiating  ex- 
change, prices  were  restrained.  The  market  was 
also  influenced  at  times  after  harvest,  by  the  un- 
parallelled  amounts  ariving  from  the  West,  while 
detention  by  a  break  in  the  canal  not  unfrequent- 
ly  produced  a  firmer  feeling,  even  although  it  was 
perfectly  understood  that  the  difficulty  was  only 
temporary,  and  that  the  supply  was  Inexhaustible. 
Before  the  arrival  of  the  French  buyers,  the  mar- 
ket was  exceedingly  sensitive,  and  many  ups  and 
downs  were  occasioned  by  the  pulsations  of  the 
Liverpool  Corn  Exchange.  Before  the  middle  of 
July  the  splendid  new  crops  had  the  effect  to 
bring  out  lorge  stores  of  flour  and  wheat,  and  pur- 
chases were  brisk  at  a  concession  of  6@10o  for 
Franee  and  Great  Britain,  mainly  the  latter.  The 
first  and  second  weeks  in  August,  great  buoyancy 
prevailed,  owing  to  favorable  French  news,  and  a 
rapid  decline  in  freights,  and  prices  greatly  im- 
proved under  orders  beyond  the  stock.  The  new 
crop  began  to  arrive,  and  its  superior  character 
was  commented  upon  with  no  little  enthusiasm. 
The  second  week  in  September  advices  were  re- 
ceived of  the  free  admission  of  wheat  and  corn  into 
France,  but  freights  to  the  Continent  advanced, 
checking  exports  somewhat.  About  the  middle  of 
the  month  an  improvement  in  Exchange  tended 
to  stimulate  the  market,  but  the  effect  was  oonn- 


12 


tetOaiaaced  bj  large  reoeeipts  and  a  soaroily  of 
vesaels.  in  iiinglaad  in  SopMmber,  notwitbstaad- 
iog  iavorable  aooouoCs  of  (he  crops,  an  advance 
obumer,  owing  to  thn  demand  for  Jfrance,  large 
amuuuld  beiug  taken  for  tbat  country  in  tbe 
Bniisb  and  iiussian  markets.  The  lust  of  October 
the  demand  far  tbe  Continent  began  to  exhibit 
strong  8>mptouu  of  abatement,  enough  to  supply 
temporary  wants  having;  been  secured,  but  there 
was  an  improved  inquiry  for  Great  Britain. 

Tae  luliuwmg  luoie  gives  tue  rau^e  of 
priceti  duriug  the  paal  year,  tiie  Aral  figares 
represeaiui^  red,  aud  thci  oiiliors  wiiito,  Dotn 
free  on  board : 

Jan.    let  102 
Jan.  15kn.luiai02 
Veb.  lii..luUi»M 
Vtb.  *5i>  .lui 
Macul«ilUJ 
StitcalotnitrJ 
April  is'..  1^5 
AurU  loUi  1U6 
May  lai...  i>6 
Ai<iyldi.a.iuO 
Jauitist.  lt;5®10f> 
Jaue  lotalu^ 


losdiia 

July  Ist  92®  93 

iu5(»aa 

Jaiy  Ifitn  84®  i6 

lU.itfllO 

AUg.l8(..  9(1(0  9i 

lU5(dtl2 

Aai{.  itita(asw>80 

1U^(«1U 

Dept.  l8(.  84 

lUovll^i 

t}ept.i6tti,  »2 

1U6®115 

Occ  lot.,,  di 

lUtitfilD 

Uct,  13m.  9} 

iUJ(i».Ud 

ttor.  Inc..  9S 

105(^118 

MOV.  loth  9t> 

lio^iJl 

Dic.  iBt..  9a 

liU(^118 

Dec.  16...  93 

98®  98 

88®  90 

10U®1UJ 

m 

94 
lUi) 
li4 
104 
lUti 
lUd 
lUo 
115 

aVJUUQB  PiUOl  OF  WBITI  WHEAT  III  DBTROIT  FOB  SBVBX 
TIABS. 

1S65 W  75 

1)S66 1  12 

1867  -  ■  -  •  .  1  i!3X 

1H58 92 

i»59  •       -       •       ,       ■        1-a 
im) 1 19 

1801 1  OlJ>i 

Cora* 
Ine  leoeipts  oi  oora  aud  the  sourcoj  «f 
supply  lor  the  year  are  as  foll&ws : 

ByMxhlg&a  Central  Ballroad.  baah 901.705 

%.  anaT.  K.K 80.994 

D.aauM.R.  Ji 700 

G.  '.  R'y „V 

Uoastwise , 862 

Caaadi  i>urU %'iati 

B;  teams SOOtO 

Total 1.0itf.60ti 

Iha  shipiueuid  bre  :— 

Throughby  M  0.  B.  k.  aad  a.W.  H 26,141 

by  M.U.  K.  H.audLake , 211,913 

"       byM.  0.  K.K.  audvi.  1",  R. 15.871 

*'      by  i>.  aud  r.  K.  it,  And  G.  r.  H 8,{i5U 

SoldbyuI.K 5,bdti 

"   by  Lakd  i....d  G.  ».n 7i>.87o 

Total  shipments "989,309 

JlanataciUied  here ifiMti 

Local  .coasui..pi8jn 25,197 

1  C8ti,606 
Monlhlv Rectiptaand  Shipmentafor  Two  Years, 


18(51, 


1860. 


Keceipts 

Jan 14aiil2 

Feb 317-8 

Marcu 16,i;» 

Apili ,..  &4.iibl 

May 7b.4U7 

Jane 37.9  j8 

July 85.0fc8 

AogiiBt lot),  428 

gepb 98.409 

Oct 119.942 

Nov 1«1,719 

Dec ^7,985 


gulp  meats 
42.3t)l 
41,8U8 
3U.5J2 

130,  m 

l(i7,319 
33,11)9 
57,383 

137,;ttt> 
V 7.866 
Sy.Oul 

148  5« 
13  278 


Kecelpti 
<)4t)51 
41.133 
6^,(1(1 
»7,uOti 

40  9.^6 

10t>,149 

4H,413 

21,779 
24,077 


Shipments 
4j.9t)l 
19  814 
32,377 
27,dU<> 
49,9U2 
lu,453 
45,451 
84,^78 
37,750 
«i0,02i 
4>i,01tf 
4,3i4 


The  cara  crop  of  1861  was  the  largest  that 
w«  have  had  for  many  years,  the  spring  hay< 
ioij  been  favorable  fur  putting  ia  the  seed, 
aud  the  price  of  pork  tor  the  few  last  years 
beiug  remunerative  to  the  ^farmer,  a  large 
breadth  of  laud  was  prepared  iu  the  Spriag 
aud  planted  with  corn.  The  summer  aud 
fall  were  favorable  to  the  growth  aud  matu- 
raticu  of  crops ;  there  were  bo  early -frosts  to 
retard  ibe  growth  of  the  plants  or  to  inter- 
fere with  the  ripening  of  ihe  grain,  and  tbe 
crop  was  harvested  in  excellent  condilioo, 
the  stalks  beiug  seemed  for  fodder,  a  matter 
of  very  great  impotiauoe  to  the  farmers. — 
For  several  years  tbe  corn  crop  of  tbe  United 
ttates  has  been  iucreasing  rapidly,  and  it  is 
probable  that  that  of  last  fall  has  been  the 
largest  ever  raised  in  this  country.  £ven  in 
the  doutbern  fitates  the  breadth  planted  with 
corn  has  been  mncb  larger  than  usual,  as  the 
planters,  anticipating  tue  cutting  ofi'  of  the 
northern  supply,  raised  corn  on  every  avail- 
able spct  of  laud,  even  to  the  exclusion  of 
coiion,  LO  that  if  the  war  should  terminate, 
aud  all  obstructions  to  trade  between  ihe  two 
great  sections  of  tbe  country  be  removed,  a 
large  Southern  demand'  for  corn  need  not 
be  expeoied. 

Although  Michigan  does  not  produce  as 
much  coru  as  same  other  States,  tbe  quality 
of  that  which  she  does  raise  is  excellent  for 
miiiing  purposes,  and  commands  a  ready  sale 
in  the  market.  From  the  many  facilities  for 
shipping  produce.which.Detroit  po,:8e8e8,  mer- 
chants annually  send  large  quantities  of  corn 
10  this  point,  to  be  distributed,  not  only  in  tho 
lumber  and  mineral  uiatricis  of  Micnigan,but 
abo  in  various  parts  of  C:.nada  lor  the 
supply  of  diaiilleries.  Considerable  quaat.i< 
ties  are  also  snipped  to  Batfalo  and  oiher 
places,  i'be  crop  of  1860  was  larg<?,  and 
ine  Males  up  to  Djq.  20, 1861,  bave  been  ex- 
clusively 01  old  corn,aQd  a  considerable  stock 
ot  .it  yeu  rdmaius  on^baud.  Very  li  ^tle  corn  has 
come  from  Indiana  ibis  year,  bu<  lUiuuid  has 
contributed  freely  to  tbe  sbipjionis  icoaa.  Da- 
laoit.  The  low  price  of  pars  at  present  will 
pruOdbly  prevent  farinord  irom  feeding  hags, 
an  incidtiUw  waicb  will  throw  lar^^e  quantities 
uf  coru  oa  th  market  next  apriug  and  sum- 
mer. 

Ihe  loiljvviiijj  table  will  shoAr  the  price  oi 
corn  in  thld  market  from  store,  deliverable  in 
bags,  twice  in  a  montn  for  the  past  year : 


Ine  receipiB  and  shipmeLits  ff  corn  for  hva 

years  me  uo  lulio  mh  . 

Keceplts  fikipraeats 

1867 <47.21i>  m.m 

1-68 ; 2i8,;sl2  18J,5S7 

1869 4U8,U65  132,4:7 

iSfiO 6at,6»6  592,1/44 

1861 1,030.518  98^,309 


AVI 


Jan.  iBt 4J 

Jaa  latU 3i 

Feb.  lat ..39 

Feo.  loih 39 

Marcu  1st 'i9 

iiiaroa  la.h 6^ 

April  Ist 38 

AkJihldih Hi 

May  l«l 87 

May  ibtb •il 

Juuelat a8 

June  15iu j8 


mi 

1968 

1859 
1860 
ISiil 


The  rec( 
are  us  foIU 

ByM.  0 
•'  D.  aid 
"  D.an< 
"  O  W. 
"  ».T.^ 
"  Oanad 
"  Teami 


The  total 

Beceipts 
year: 

B 

JaTiuaiT. 
Febru  ay, 
March, 
Aprlt, 
»Iay.    - 
Jane, 


Julylst ■ i-t 

Jaiylft.h 32 

Aug.  ls( .' a 

Autf.  iStti 34 

Sept.  im. 3) 

H:ipt,  1  t.i ...3' 

OOL  1st i» 

uct.  151,1 31 

No/.i«ii ••a 

Njv.  lata .37 

UdO.  In 3) 

Ueo.  16tl<.  vuewj ..3i 


Receipts 

186^ 
1859     . 
1360 
1881     - 

The  gret 
nnfavorabl 
State,  and 
short.  Th 
be  expecte 
has  been  t< 
troit  is  sup 
Michigan  ( 
oats  consul 
being  brou 
Detroit  an( 
tributes  a  1 
small  supp 
places  on  I 
are  bh!ppe< 
cinnati  an 
Cleveland, 
operations 
Peninsula, 
at  Cincinn 
on  the  pric 
tion  of  the 
plotely  clo 
tbe  local  ti 
;  Bufflcient  t< 
crop  iu  Mi 
and  in  Illii 
ler  cent,  u 
The  fon< 
'or  oats,  86 

'an.  Isti  .... 
an.   15th... 

eh.  iRt 

Vb.  16th..., 
lar^h  1st... 
March  15th. 


18 


n 


AVXEACn  FRIOB  TOR  riYI  TIAKS. 

iai7 79X0. 

1«68 Bl 

1859 72 

1860 49 

1861 866-6 

OmUt 


The  receipts  ot  oats  during  the  past 
are  us  follows . 


year 


By  M.  0  R.  R 

"  D.  and  T.  R.  R.  . 
"  a  W.  1'y      . 
"  ».T.  R'y. 
"  Oanadlsn  ports 
"  Teams,  etc. 


Bushels. 

a77.«76 

8  496 

623 

478 

988 

6,470 

109.000 


The  total  Bhlp<nents  by  rail  are,  (bosh  ) 
"      '•         "        by  lake 


8  826 
349  331 


Total  > 

Receipts  and  shipments 

year: 

Rfo'ts. 
11.406 

6,487 

1.1H7 

729 

.2^742 

25  821 


-      263,167 

monthly  for  the 


JaTinary. 
Februiy, 
March, 
Aprlt,      . 
May.    • 
Jane, 


Reo'ts. 

•  22,863 
89  701 

•  52,6V3 
65,482 

■  44.516 
6,000 


Ship't 
3  91" 
34,42S 
42,030 
86  224 
61,030 
60 


rgeet  that 
triog  bay- 
the  seed, 
last  years 
:,  a  large 
be  SpriBg 
imer  and 
and  mata> 
f  -frosts  to 
■  to  inter- 
I,  and  tbe 
condition, 
:,  a  matter 
farmers. — 
tbe  United 
',  and  it  is 
I  been  the 
Even  in 
rated  with 
laal,  as  the 
off  of  the 
very  avail- 
LclcisioQ  of 
terminate, 
sen  ibe  two 
removed,  a 
k  need  not 

produce  as 

the  quality 

ccellent  for 

ready  sale 

aciliiies  for 

seaes,  mer- 

ties  of  corn 

only  in  tho 

icnigan,bat 

la    lor  the 

bio  quaati- 

and  oiher 

larg>?,  and 

3  bdaa  ox- 

rable  stock 

tie  coru  ha^ 

Uinuii  baa 

irom  Dd-  lopgrations  at  some  of  the  mines  of  the  Upper 
(reao jt  win     pj,oiu8ula,  and  the  derangement  of  business 
aiug  nogs,  i^j,  rjiQcinnati  bayg  had  an  unfavorable  effect 
n  the  price  of  oats  this  yrar.    The  naviga- 
ion  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  being  com- 
ilotely  closed,  and  the  Sonthern  trade  cut  off, 
be  local  trade  in  the  Detroit  market  was  not 
uiflcient  to  cause  an  advance  in  price.    The 
rop  in  Michi>7an  is  much  under  the  average, 
cd  in  Illinois,  Indiana  and  Wisconsin  is  25 
er  cent,  under  that  of  last  year. 
The  following  will  show  the  current  prices 
or  oats,  semi-monthly,  during  tho  past  yf  ar : 

an.  l8t 2n@2l  .TuW  Ist 20 

an.   16th 30®n  July  loth 

eh.  1«« 19a20  auk' 

b.  16th ia@20  *ui(, 


Oct  lit  (new) 

..      21 

Oct.  mh 

sa 

Not.  1st 

..      22 

Not.  16th 

» 

Deo.  l»t 

93 

Deo.  16th 

28 

April   1st 19 

April  16tb 19O20 

May  Ist 20«|23 

M«T  IBth 29'SiiS3 

June  lit 22®28 

June  16th SOdai 

The  following  is  the  average  price  of  oats 

for  six  yean: 

1866 .<»    centSL 

1867  -  -  •  -         -  -44^     •' 

1868 32X     '• 

1859 43X      " 

18H0 29H     " 

1861 211.&    " 

Barley*  Malt  and  Hops* 

The  receipts  of  Barley  /or  the  past  year 
are: 


Bhinus. 

1.446   July,      - 
Autust. 

1,185  Peptemfer, 
11.058  0  tober,  - 
36.78t  NoTember 
26,024   December 

Receipts  and  shipments  for  four  years : 

Reeetptd.  Shipments. 
ld5S          ...          -    883.626  88.465 

1859     -  -  •  -         173.^64  24.816 

1360  ....    319  59S         39,205 

1861     -  -  -  -         8 .9,986         263,157 

The  great  drought  of  last  summer  had  an 
unfavorable  effect  on  the  oat  crop  of  the 
State,  and  in  many  places  the  straw  was  very 
short.  The  grain  has  been  heitet  than  might 
be  expected  from  stunted  straw,  and  theyiell 
has  been  tolerably  good.  The  market  of  De- 
troit is  sup  tilled  principally  by  teams  and  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad ;  tbe  bulk  of  the 
oats  consumed  in  or  shipped  from  the  city 
being  brought  in  by  the  latter  route.  The 
Detroit  and  Milwaukee  Railroad  also  con- 
;  tributes  a  fair  share,  as  well  as  other  lines.  A 
small  supply  is  brought  by  eteimboat  from 
places  on  Lakes  St  Clair  and  Huron.  Oats 
are  bhipped  from  Detroit  principallv  to  Cin- 
cinnati and  Lake  Superior,  Buffalo  and 
Cleveland.     The  temporary    suspension  of 


quantities 
and  sum- 


lie  price  01 
iveraole  in 
itt  year : 


ByM.O.  R.  R.  ba.. 

T».  and  M.  R.  R. 

D.andT.  R.  R.  - 

G.  W.  R'y,     - 

G.T.  R'y  . 
From  Canadian  Ports. 

Total  - 


iwi- 


:ii 

M 
M 

.31 

.3i 

,.35 

..a 


U'. 9a(g|24 

15th 21 

lar.blst an    Sep  Ist, 22 

[March  15th 19®20  Sep.  16th  2a 


12  404 

18,S8i 

8"<8 

1.089 

lose 

26,783 
69.784 


The  shipments  as;gregate  only  2,078  bush- 
els, of  which  1,694  bu.  were  to  Cincinnati. 
MontVy  Seceipta  for  two  Years. 

lf?61,       18S1.  18R1.       18«a 

Janua-y.  6,  6«      4,681   July,  753      3,005 

rebraory,        3,348      3  876   AusuTust.        1.26'a      8  631 
March,  2.281      6.887  September,     8.7i.9      9.871 

April,  4  211       8,798    Octobw.         18  604     42  974 

May,  2.365     10  034   November,    10  371      9410 

June,  2,081      7,686   December,      3.197     10,639 

Barley  this  year  did  very  well,  but  the 
breadth  was  considerably  under  that  of  1860, 
and  our  receipts  show  a  considerable  falling 
off.  The  quality  was  variable,  but  rather  an 
improvea  ent  over  last  year.  The  major  part 
of  it  was  well  saved.  Canadian  barley,  which 
has  always  been  an  important  item  of  traf- 
fic in  Detroit,  has  also  shewn  a  diminution 
this  year,  the  crop  being  rather  light  on  the 
Thames,  the  great  barley  region.  The  quali- 
ty is  good,  probably  about  the  same  as  last 
year. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  malt  liquor  trade 
hardly  comes  up  to  last  year ;  certainly  there 
has  not  at  mast  been  much  increase.  The 
ale  turned  out  aggregates  from  40,000  to 
45,000  bbls. 

The  followioo  exhibits  the  current  rates 
per  cwt.  of  good  barley  in  our  market  semi- 
monthly during  the  past  year : 

Jan.la'. 100  JuWlst 8n(<» 

Jm.  15th 100   Ju'ylSth 80® 

Feb.  l«t I  n'l   Autr.  lat PC® 

Feb.  15th 100   Auk.  16th 80® 

March  Ist 1  d 

Mar  bl6th 1  00 

April  1st 1  00 

April  18th 1  00®  1  05 

MavlBt 10U®1  05 

May  15th 80®   95 

J'i'e'st 83® 

Junel6th 80®    8S 

ATerage  price  for  the  year,  U^io. 
Hops  opened  in  September  at  20(325o, 
but  afterwards  went  down  to  18(320o.  Owing 
to  the  damage  to  the  English  crop,  and  con- 
sequent export  of  considerable  quantities 
thither,  the  market  afterwards  advanced  to 
the  opr^ning  figures. 
Malt  has  been  steady  at  80o  nearly  the 


85 
85 
85 
85 

Sep',  1« 8.1®    90 

Sepr.  T5*h 90®    97 

Oct.  l8t 95®1  05 

Oct.  15th ?6@l  05 

Nov.  let 10) 

Nev.  15th 90®1  00 

Deo.  Ist 85®1  00 

Dec.  16th 8&®1  00 


14 


entire  settson.  In  November,  however,  it 
stood  at  75o,  the  lowest  point  ever  tocohed. 
Last  spricg  one  of  our  dealers  shipped  three 
oars  of  malt  to  New  Tork,  the  first  ever  8«>nt 
from  Detroit. 

Rjra. 

The  receipts  of  rye  for  the  year  are— 

Bv  M.  0.  R.  R,  •       ■       -       •       .       -       ■  6,830 

"  D.  A  M.  B,  B.          -       -       -       .       -  8.429 

"D.AT.R  B. 2«2 

"G.T.  R'ys 279 

Total  ...       ....  10981 

The  shipments  ag^^regate  10,000  bashels. 
Monihlu  Shipments  lor  two  i/Mra: 


I860. 


960 

2.290 

977 

418 


July, 

Auf(.. 

Sect, 

Oct., 

Nov., 

Dec, 


1861. 
200 


655 
1,200 


I860. 
46 

241 

927 
8,050 
1.787 


1861. 

Jan.,  1,409 

Veb.,  124 

March,  833 

April,  i,m 

May.  564 

June.       

Until  1860,  the  qaa^itity  raised  in  Michigan 
was  not  considerable,  but  last  year  several 
thousand  bushels  arrived  in  the  city  by  the 
Drtroil  and  Milwaukee  Railway  principally, 
but  some  wa<9  als )  received  by  teams.  Last 
year  there  was  a  brisk  demand  in  the  Detroit 
market  for  rye  for  tie  supply  of  Cincinnati, 
and  some  distillers  in  Canada,  also  for  the 
manufacture  of  bread  for  the  German  popu- 
lation of  the  city.  Owing  to  the  low  price  of 
1860/lee8  breadth  was  sown  last  year,  but  rye 
has  gained  a  firm  fooiiog  as  one  of  tbe  siaple 
productions  of  Michigan. 

The  following  exhibit,  the  current  rates  of 
rye  in  our  m^irket  twice  a  month  during  the 
past  year: 


Jan.  iBt 42 

Jan.  IStb 42 

Veb.  Ist 44 

reb.  15th 43S44 

March  1st 44®45 

March  15th 44@45 

April  1st 46 

AprUlSth 46 

MaylBt 46®47 

Mayietb 48 

June  1st 48®49 

June  15th 44@46 


Jaly  Ist 44®45 

July  15th 37X 

Au?.  1st 37>i 

Aug.  IStb 35®37>i 

Sept.  Ist 3o(»3S 

Sept.  15th 37@38 

Oos.ls' 35®38 

Oct  16th 36^38 

Nov.  1st 40®43 

Not.  15th 40@42 

Dec.  1st 40(942 

Dec.  15th 40®42 


Average  price  for  tbe  year,  42ic. 
Provisions* 

The  hog  crop  this  year  will  turn  out  enor- 
mous. It  is  estimated  that  Kentucky  alone 
basgotovfr  half  a  million  for  market.  All 
over  tbn  West  the  increase  is  large,  and  our 
own  State  presents  no  exception.  Not  only 
has  feed  been  plenty  and  cheap,  but  the 
weather  has  been  remarkably  favorable  for 
the  production  of  pork ;  the  summer  was  EOt 
too  hot,  and  the  winter  thus  far  has  been 
mild.  The  hogs  sent  here  thus  far  from 
Southern  Michigan  will  average  about  240 
lbs.,  whereas  the  former  average  has  only 
been  about  220.  In  qaality  there  has  also 
been  a  decided  improvement. 

Micfaisan  is  progres&ing  steadily  and  rapid- 
ly  in  raising  bogs,  a::d  before  many  years 
nothing  but  the  want  of  capital  can  prevent 
Detroit  from  taking  rank  with  Chicago  and 
Milwaukee  as  a  packing  point.    The  number 


packed  last  season  was  10,000.  The  prinsipal 

packers  engaged  at  present  are — 

Peter  Henkel.  Wlliar^  Parker, 

Newberry  A  07.,  F.  B.  Fhetps, 

J.  D.  Standish. 

A  firm  from  Adrian  riave  also  been  engaged 
ibis  winter  in  packing. 

The  market  opened  this  season  under  a 
combination  of  unfavorable  circumstances. 
The  large  stock  of  @ld  pork  in  tbe  country— 
the  high  price  of  freight— the  scarcity  of 
packages — the  high  rates  of  salt — wars  and 
rumors  of  wars — these  all  combined  to  keep 
down  prices,  and  produce  indifference  among 
operators.  But  the  low  prices  have  finally 
induced  men  of  capital  to  i'  vest  in  mess 
pork,  and  considerable  more  activity  pre- 
vails. We  observe  that  in  Cincinnati  leading 
grocers  are  putting  their  spare  capital  into 
pork,  and  our  own  market  has  begun  to  be 
very  favorably  affected  on  tie  score  of  activi- 
ty. Some  of  our  packers  have  already  cut 
as  many  as  during  the  whole  of  last  winter. 
At  higher  rates,  the  market  would  now  be 
dull  indeed,  as  our  packers  have  heretofore 
relied  to  some  extent  upon  realizing  more  ot 
less  from  sales  for  consumption  to  help  mat- 
ters along  during  the  season,  for  which  there 
was  only  a  slim  prospect  at  tbe  opening  this 
year.  The  receipts  by  rail  of  dressed  hogs 
from  Nov.  1st  to  Dec.  2tith  this  year  were 
only  6,480,  against  about  12,000  last  year. 
Since  about  Dec,  16tb,  they  have,  however, 
began  to  move  freely. 

Up  to  1859,  we  consumed  more  of  hog 
products  than  we  turned  out,  but  since  then 
the  scale  has  begun  to  turn.  Considerable  of 
our  lard,  mess  pork  and  shoulders  are  ship* 
ped  east;  the  hams  are  mostly  or  wholly 
consumed  here. 

It  is  estimated  that  one  thousand  packing 
hogs  this  year  will  turn  out  about  27,500  lbs, 
lard,  instead  of  20,000  as  heretofore,  owing 
in  part  to  their  superior  condition,  and  in 
part  to  the  especial  caie  taken  by  packers  to 
turn  all  they  can  into  lard,  it  being  now  the 
most  profitable  product,  commanding  8@8lc 
in  New  York.  The  market  for  lard  has  been 
greatly  stimulated  by  an  excellent  demard 
lor  Europe,  Brazil  and  Cuba,  We  shipped 
about  500  bb:s.  lard  east  last  season,  and 
bought  100  bbls.  in  Chicago  for  the  sake  of 
investing  Western  money. 

Within  tbe  last  few  years,  an  improvement 
in  tbe  breed  of  hogs  has  taken  place,  it  hav- 
ing at  last  been  discovered  by  our  farmers 
that  some  breeds  require  less  food  than 
others  in  the  fattening  process. 

About  the  middle  of  December  a  year  ago, 
the  market  for  dressed  hogs  went  down  to 
5.00(35.25,  it  having  ruled  pretty  steady  the 
preceding  month  at  6.50(35.75.  About  Jai]. 
1st,  owing  to  speculation,  it  went  up  to  5.50 
^5.60,  and  in  two  weeks  more  to  6.0006,26. 


I 


About  tl 
closirg  a 
opened. 
Nov.  15t] 
Dec.  1st  1 
3.2033  3 

Lard  « 
10c,  goln 
tember  ai 
to  7(0. 

Sagar 
Sept.  1st 
which  th< 

The  fo 
rates  for  i 
a  month  i 

January  Ist 

••       lat 

February  la 

"      15t 

March  1st . 

•  loth 
April  Ist   ' 

"    (6th 
Mayl't   . 

"   16th   - 
June  1st   . 

'•  16th   . 

ATIRiOB  PI 

1836 
1857    . 

1858 
18o9    . 

1860 
1881    . 

Of  beev 
this  fall,  n 
tions  of  tt 
is  done  ic 
parcels, 
most  of 
8.00. 


The  rec 

supply,  h< 

By  M.  0. 
ByDaa 
By  D.  ai 
ByO.  W 
By  G.  T. 
From  Oa 

Total, 

M< 

January,  lbs 
February,  11 
March,  lbs. 
Auril.  lbs. 
May,  lbs, 
June,  lbs, 

A  very 

m^de  in  A 

fluctuated 

and  fall. 

as  low  as 

buyers  co 

price.    Si 

gradual  in 

of  Deceml 

at  12ic,  a 

cents  per 

manufacti 


II 


B  priDsipal 
:er, 

D  engaged 

n  under  a 
imstances. 
country- 
scarcity  of 
-wars  and 
1  to  keep 
ace  among 
ave  fioally 
!8t  in  mess 
tivity  pre- 
Eiti  leading 
apital  into 
gun  to  be 
eof  activi* 
Iready  out 
ist  winter. 
Id  now  be 
heretofore 
g  more  oi 
help  mat- 
hich  there 
[)eDing  this 
essed  hogs 
year  were 
I  last  year. 
,  however, 

>Te  of  hog 

since  then 

liderableof 

3  are  ship* 

or  wholly 

[  packing 
27,600  lbs. 
ore. 
m, 

packers  to 
now  the 
ling  S@8ic 
d  has  been 
it  demard 
shipped 
easoD,  and 
he  sake  of 

iprovement 

,ce,  it  hav- 

nr  farmers 

food  than 


,  owing 
and  in 


year  ago, 
i  down  to 
steady  the 
Lbout  Jan. 

no  tG)  5.60 
0.0036.25. 


15 


About  the  oaiddle  of  February  it  slackened, 
cloairg  at  5.50^5  76,  just  about  where  it 
opened.  Tbis  season  the  market  opened, 
Not.  16th,  at  4.00Q4.26,  but  receded  by 
Dec.  1st  to  8.75,  and  closed  for  the  year  at 
3.2033  35. 

Lard  was  steady  for  six  months  at  about 
10c,  going  in  July  and  August  to  9c,  in  Sep- 
tember  and  Octob'^r  to  8ic,  and  in  December 

to  7io. 

Sagar  cured  bams  were  pretty  steady  till 
Sept.  Ist  at  an  average  of  about  lOo,  since 
which  they  have  ranged  at  9391^0. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  current 
rates  for  mesa  pork  in  Detroit  market  twice 
a  month  for  the  year  1860 : 


January  let  -    -    •  15  00 

"lath    .    .    .    ItiOO 

February  Ist  ■  H  00®  16  60 

"       15tii  -  16  0v,@16  bO 

March  1st  -  •  •  16  00(a)16  50 

•      loth  -  ■  16  00@16  60 

AprUlst   .     -    .     -    l«'5j) 

"    (&th    -     -    -   -    16  60 

Mayl»t 16  SO 

"16th   -    -   ■     -  16  60 

Juael»   -   -    15  00(^16  00 

•    16th   ■   -  15  00@15  60 


July  1st  -   -  • 

"   loth    •    ■ 
An.;u8t  Ist    . 
"     loth  •  - 
B'titflmbsrlit- 
"      16th  - 
October  Isc  -  • 
"     loth    . 
NoTember  1st 
15th 
Deoemlxr  Ut- 
3Jth 


16  00®16  GO 
•.  ■  16  60 
14  0^®15  00 
14  (J0@15  00 
14  10®  14  50 
14  00@14  60 
14  00®14  50 

-  ■  14  50 
•    •  •    14  60 

-  .  12  1)0 
10  00(911  00 
...    10  CO 


ATERiOB  PBIOB  OF  UB9SP0RK  III  DBTHOIT  r  JS  SIX  TIAHJ. 

1856  -         ■  •  ■  ■  $18  75 

1857  -       •         -         -         •         -  2a  00 

1858 16  25 

1859 16  87 

1860       •          -          -           -          •  17  90 

1881  .       .          •          -          -          .  14  90 

Of  beeves  about  2,290  havu  boon  packeil 
this  fall,  n(>arly  all  for  the  army.  The  opera- 
tions of  the  Messrs.  Bigley  comprise  all  that 
is  done  in  this  line,  except  a  few  straggling 
parcels.  The  price  of  beef  was  nominal 
most  of  the  year  at  8.60O9.00,  closing  at 
8.00. 

Battert 

The  receipts  of  butter,  and  the  sources  of 
supply,  hnve,  t  /is  year,  been  as  follows : 

By  M.  0.  R.  R..  lbs.  ....  1,942.297 
UyDaadM.  B,&,lbs.  •      *      -   l,14t),131 

By  O.  and  T.  R.  R.  lbs       -       •       '  161035 

By  G.  W.  R'Wy,  lbs  •  -  "  •  3  061 
By  G.  T.  K'w'y,  iDa.  .  -  .  •  .  6B'3y8 
From  Canadian  parts,  lbs,    •      •      •         13,6:0 


Total, 


3,327.07^ 


.lanaary,  lbs. 
February,  ItiB. 
March,  lbs. 
Aurll.  lbs.    • 
May,  lbs, 
June,  lbs,     • 


MONTHLY  SHIPUaSTS  JfOH  TBB  TK^B. 

July,  IbB. 
August,  lb?, 
tieutcmber.  lbs.    - 
October,  lb?. 


158,823 
1J1,975 
li!9  9'Jti 

113  m 

213,1)96 
29i,5(i5 


November,  los. 
December,  lbs. 


146,837 
80,607 
292,4J6 
61(',2(I3 
S«f),89l 
3^,104 


A  very  large  quantity  of  batter  has  been 
m^de  in  Michigan  in  1861,  and  the  price  has 
fluctuated  considerable  during  the  summer 
and  fall.  In  June  prime  roll  butter  was  sold 
as  low  as  seven  or  eight  cents  per  peuud,  and 
bnyers  could  scarcely  bo  found  even  at  that 
price.  Since  that  month  there  has  been  a 
gradual  improvement  in  the  price,  on  the  20th 
of  December  prime  roll  sold  in  a  small  way 
at  12ic,  and  ordinary  flrkia  at  from  7  to  10 
cents  per  pound.  The  principal  error  ii  the 
manufacture  of  butter  In  this  Btateis  the  neg- 


lect of  pressing  out  and  separating  the  butter, 
milk  from  the  butter,  and  thG  causes  the 
article  tu  become  rancid  and  discolored,  and 
unfit  for  use  much  sooner  than  if  suflScient 
care  was  exercised  in  tiie  process  of  manufac- 
ture. A  great  deal  of  excellent  butter  is  made 
in  (he  State,  but  it  must  be  admitted  that 
many  farmers  are  too  careless  in  the  manu- 
facture of  this  important  article.  The  greater 
part  of  the  butter  purchased  in  the  Detroit 
market  is  sent  to  New  York ;  a  portion  is  sent 
to  the  Upper  Peninsula,  and  this  year  a  new 
market  has  been  opened  by  our  enterprising 
merchants,  who  have  shipped  large  qaanti* 
ties  to  Liverpool. 

During  the  fall,  and  up  to  this  period,  large 
shipments  have  been  constantly  pressing  for- 
ward from  all  leading  Western  points.  The 
New  York  market  is  dull,  but  a  good  outlet 
is  found  in  the  foreign  demand. 

The  following  exhibits  the  current  range 
for  firkin  and  roll  bulter  twice  a  month  da- 
ring the  past  year: 

July  Ist 7&  8 

Juiy  15th 6<d  8 

Aug.  Ist 6&9 

Aug.  lotb 6(9  9 

8ept.  1st 7®10 

Sept.  15th 7®ia 

Oct.  let 7@10 

Oct.  15th. 8@I0 

Nov.  1st 8®U 

Nov.  loth 8@U 

Deo  U% 8@11 

Uec.  16th 8®11 


Jan.  1st 11®  13 

Jan.  14th 10@I3 

Fab.  1st 10@12X 

Veb.  leth 10@12>i 

March  1st 10®12>i 

March  15th 10®13 

Aprillst 12®14 

April  16th 12®  14 

May  1st 11®14 

May  15th 11®14 

Juue  1st 9®11 

JoiylSth 8®10 


AVBRiOl  FMOB  OF  BUTTBB  FOR  SIX  7BAR3. 

im     ........        18a 

1857    -.•---.-       .      I8>j 

1859    ..■•-■...       15 
186J       .-•.--.,.    iiv 
1881    ....-.-..       10^ 

Potatoei* 

The  potato  crop  of  1861  was  large  in  tbis 
State,  and  pro?ri3ed  well  until  the  heavy 
rains  of  the  fa^,^  d«)Ius;ed  the  fields  and  caused 
the  stems  and  nbers  to  rot  rapidly.  From 
the  protracted  drought  of  the  summer  and 
early  fall,  the  soil  was  exceedingly  dry,  and 
when  suddenly  saturated  with  water,  it  be- 
came so  warm  that  tender  vegetables  could 
not  resist  tkc  fermentation  which'  took  place 
and  decayed  rapidly.  It  is  well  known  thU 
the  rot  is  most  destructive  when  great  heat 
succeeds  heavy  rain,  and  it  was  doubtless 
this  combination  which,  in  a  great  measure, 
caused  the  destruction  of  the  crop  last  fall. 
Tho  Neshannocks  appear  to  have  received 
more  damage  this  year  than  any  other  variety 
of  potato,  and  as  thi9  has  been  the  case  id- 
most  every  year  that  the  rot  has  made  lis  ap- 
pearance, larmurs  may  blame  themselves  if 
they  plant  sufL  » tender  variety.  The  potato 
crop  of  Michigan  is  generally  of  superior  quali- 
ty, and  large  quantities  are  exported  to  meet 
tue  demand  in  less  favored  States.  Exportation 
generally  ceases  when  the  rot  is  prevalent, 
as  buyers  don't  wish  to  incur  the  risk  on 


16 


maklDg  iDTeBtments  In  bo  perishable  an  artl 
cle  as  potatoes  tainted  with  disease.  It  has 
been  remarked  this  year  that  potatoes  which 
were  planted  eariy  did  not  receive  mnch 
damase  from  the  rot,  while  the  late  crop  was 
entirely  destroyed,  and  as  this  fact  ban  at- 
tracted attention  in  previous  years,  it  is  well 
worthy  the  attention  of  farmers.  Early  po- 
tatoes are  generally  superior  to  laie  kinds 
and  the  early  planted  crop  ranch  more  profit- 
able than  that  which  is  late.  The  price  of 
potatoes  ranged  low  in  the  eariy  part  of  the 
fbll,  but  when  it  was  discovered  that  the  bulk 
of  the  crop  had  been  swept  away  an  advance 
took  place,  which  has  been  sustained  up  to 
to  thepres  nt,  and  it  is  probible  that  sound 
potatoes  will  commar  d  a  high  price  in  Spring. 
The  fnHowins  will  sbow  the  current  rates 
for  poU'o«';^  i  our  market  semi  mo  tbl>  du- 
ring the  i>.ist  year : 


Jan.  Ist. l^^f. 

teh.  1st .^2@26 

feb-loth ^'^©35 

Khkb.;- 2o«f 

Aprlllst »7®26 

April  15tti "®ab 

Mavl^'.  •  li@^ 

May '5th  : '3®26 

JuneUt 26^50 

unelStJD 15@26 


JolyUt l''@25 

Juiy  16ib 2n®83 

AU-.  l^t 25®35 

\ng.  lolh , . .  ii0®38 

Sept..  l«t..... 26@30 

r<tpt  16th 2t®26 

OcMst,  n®2 

Oct.  15  h 2n®26 

Nov.  1st 26@3a 

N.  V.  15ih 3'®J5 

Dec.  Ut (0«a45 

Dec.  15tb 30®« 


CorM  Meali 

Th*^  f(>it/virg  table  oshHii-rt  ilio  aiukft 
price  of  fl'ip  C01 »  meal  fro  u  .''iiiv  :iemi  m'>iiih- 
ly  diirirt',  Ibrt  j^av: 

87K  Julv  in. 76®80 

87X    Ju'y  15th 

87H    Aun.  l^t  

87K   Auk.  15;h 

87K    8  p.  iRt 

87H    »ep.  loth 

Oct.   1st 

Oct.  15  b 

Nov.  iRt 85®y0 

Nov,  loth 75@'0 

mc.  lat 806*85 

Dec.  15th ......80®&5 


Jan.  tst... 

Ja-.ai 

Feb.  1*... 
P  b,  151*-,. 
March  l»^ 
March  15lh 


Aplll fl^ 

\bri   16ih ^ 

May  loth »0 

Junelst 85@fl0 

June  IBth 90 


Avora  e  prise,  83^c 
Hay. 
The  crop  of  1861  was  an  average  one,  although 
the  long  drought  had  an  unfavorflble  efiFect  on  the 
old  meadowsin  several  parts  of  the  State.  The 
early  meadows  were  good  and  the  product  has 
heen  harvested  in  excellent  condition,  which  is  a 
matter  of  great  importance,  one  ton  of  good  hay 
heingof  more  value  for  forage  than  two  or  three 
of  bad.  A  considerable  quantity  of  Hungarian 
erasB  has  been  raised  in  various  parts  of  the 
State,  and  this  coarse  hay  has  been  substituted  for 
Timothy  by  many  of  our  farmers,  'ihe  season 
has  been  so  favorable  for  harvesing  corn  stalks 
that  a  large  quantity  of  this  fodder  has  been  se- 
cured by  which  means  farmers  have  been  ena- 
bled to  supply  the  market  with  hay  at  a  moderate 
price.  'Ihe  shortness  and  deficiency  of  the  oat 
straw  will  probably  cause  a  demand  for  hay  in  the 
spring.  About  10,000  tons  have  been  received  in 
this  city  during  the  past  year  by  teams,  steam- 
boats and  railroads,  the  principal  part  by  teams. 
A  considerable  quaatity  of  pressed  hay  is  annu- 
ally fchipped  from  Detroit  to  the  Lake  Superior 


Country,  the  demand  from  that  locality  has  not 

been  very  large  during  the  past  season. 

The  number  of  loads  weighed  at  the  Western 

market  the  past  year,  have  been  as  follows  : 

Doub'e  teams      .         •        .         .      3.78S 
Slnglite.ima,   .  •  .  •       -   S,ouO 

Total,     -  ...      4,788 

Estimated  at  3,400  tons,  price  from  97  to  811 

per  ton. 
The  number  of  loads  weighed  at  the  eastern 

market  was : 


Dauhle  teams, 
Single  teams. 


1.171 
a.902 


Total,     .         -         .         .         r      4.078 
Estimated  at   3  000  tons     Daring  the   spring 
months  the  price  at  this  market  varied  from  97  to 
910  per  ton      In  summer  from  96  to  $9,  and  in 
the  Fall'fro3i97to911. 

Fish. 

The  superior  fish,  found  in  such  profasion 
In  our  noble  lakes  and  rivers,  while  afford- 
ing a  highly-prized  luxury  for  current  con- 
sumption, constitute  one  of  our  leading  arti- 
cles of  export,  and  are  justly  regarded  as 
coDstituling  oi:e  of  our  most  important  inter- 
ests, present  and  prospective.  It  has  been 
estimated  by  those  quite  cocapetent  to  form 
an  opinion,  that  the  value  of  our  yearly  catch 
of  fi^h  is  greater  than  that  of  the  aggregate 
taken  in  fresh  water  in  all  the  other  States 
of  the  Union.  This  may  at  first  seem  like  a 
broad  assertion,  but  it  is  no  doubt  strictly 
within  boundg,  and  we  may  add  w  iih  truth 
that  on  the  score  of  quality,  the  superiority 
of  our  flnny  tribes  is  as  strongly  marked  as 
it  is  with  regard  to  quantity.  It  is  only  in 
pure  waters,  such  as  lave  the  shores  of  Mich- 
igau,  that  l^esh  water  flsh  are  found  of  flavor 
so  unexceptionaWe  as  to  gratify  an  Epi- 
curean tasto,  or  raise  them  to  the  position  of 
a  staple  of  commerco.  Fish  posHcss  some 
very  peculiar  qualities  to  commend  them,  in- 
dependent of  the  arbitrary  preference  of  con- 
sumers, being  esteemed  a  most  healthful  and 
nutritious  food. 

The  gradual  diminution  of  the  species  by 
the  inroads  of  civilization,  and  the  import- 
ance of  providii:e,  so  far  as  ma.  be,  means  to 
remedy  the  <  vil,  has  for  many  years  attract- 
ed more  or  less  attention  It  is  a  source  of 
great  regret  that  measures  calculated  to  pre- 
Eei've  the  stock  from  wholesale  destruciion 
have  not  found  a  greater  nnmber  of 
advocates,  particularly  among  our  law- 
givers. In  this  regard  we  a  e  ashamed 
to  confess  that  our  State  is  far  behind 
Canada,  where  a  number  of  wise  legal 
provisions  have  been  in  force  for  some  time, 
Cue  of  which  prohibits  the  use  of  the  murder- 
ous pound  nets  which  are  so  rapidly  thinning 
oat  the  stock ;  another  regulates  the  nets  in 
B'lch  way  as  to  insure  the  escape  of  the  young 
fi^h.  The  utter  disregard  on  our  part  of  a 
provision  so  obvifusly  salutary  as  tbelist 


" 


ty  haa  not 

I. 

le  Westem 

lows : 

2.788 

-  S.0UO 

4,788 

i  97  to  811 
the  eastern 

1.171 

-  a.9oa 

4.078 
:the   spring 
I  from  $7  to 
$9,  and  in 


i  profaMon 
>ilo  afiford- 
irrent  con- 
adlDg  arti- 
egarded  as 
rtant  inter- 
t  baa  been 
mt  to  form 
'oarly  catch 
aggregate 
tber  States 
icem  like  a 
ubt  strictly 
W  ith  tratb 
saporiority 
marked  as 
'8  only  in 
PS  of  Mich- 
nd  of  flavor 
7  an  Spi' 
position  of 
)SHes3  some 
d  them,  in- 
lEce  of  con- 
altbfal  and 

species  by 
the  import- 
le,  means  to 
Eirs  attract- 

source  of 
itcd  to  pre- 
destruciioD 
nomber   of 

our  law- 
e  ashamed 
far    behind 

wise  Ifgal 

some  time, 
,he  mnrder- 
lly  thinning 

the  nets  in 
>f  the  young 
ir  part  of  a 

as  tbo  1  vSt 


17 


uamel,  betrays  a  degree  of  recklessness  al- 
most h(tpeleB«.  An  unsncoeBsful  effort  was 
made  at  the  last  session  of  the  Legishture  to 
procure  tha  enactment  of  a  law  to  prohibit 
the  taking  of  fl«h  during  the  three  summer 
months.  Such  a  provision  would  have  sared 
to  the  lakes  some  6,000  to  8,000  barrels  year- 
ly. The  operation  of  the  pound  or  trap  net 
is  peculiarly  destructive,  particularly  lo  white 
fish,  which  run  In  regular  rounds,  and  there* 
by  expose  thmselves  to  being  entrapped  en 
maase,  leavine  noue  to  perpetuate  the  species. 
The  system  will  hive  the  inevitable  effect  in 
a  few  years,  to  render  the  flshories  almost 
valueless,  thereby  extinguishing  a  very  im- 
portant element  of  wealth,  besides  robbing 
our  State  of  no  small  share  of  the  peculiar  in- 
terest chat  attaches  to  her,aside  from  a  strict- 
ly money-wise  consideration.  We  have  laws 
on  our  statute  books  for  the  protectior  of 
game,  which  is  strictly  proper,  but  the  \  e- 
servation  of  fish,  is  infinitely  more  necessary, 
a  source  of  Incalculable  wealth  for  future  gen- 
erations bping  at  stake. 

The  pressure  of  the  times  has  been  severe- 
ly felt  by  the  fishing  interest  during  the  past 
year.  Last  year,  although  the  market  was 
generally  dull,  considerable  buoyancy  pre- 
vailed in  the  fall,  oiving  to  an  unexpected  de- 
mand for  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  but 
this  year  the  stagnation  has  been  unrelieved 
rom  first  to  last. 

Accounts  from  the  various^fishing  grounds 
represent  a  general  diminutisn  ^in  thn 
catch  this  year.  The  exceptions  are  so 
very  few  as  to  be  quite  unimportant.  In 
some  localities  where  operations  were  con- 
ducted, they  almost  entirely  failed,  and  in 
others,  where  the  u  ual  degree  of  activity 
might  perhaps  have  been  crowned  with  suc- 
cess, no  effort  was  made  because  there 
was  no  market.  Thus  this  important  trade, 
in  which  two  years  ago  we  figured  up  a  capital 
of  $262,000  advantageously,  invested  in 
fixtures,  has,  so  far  as  the  operations  of  1861 
has  been  concerned,  has  proved  but  little 
better  than  a  complete  failure. 

On  Detroit  river,  where  last  year  an  in- 
crease of  twelve  to  twenty  per  cent,  was  re- 
ported over  1859,  nearly  an  average  catch  has 
been  secured  this  year,  but  the  amount  pack- 
ed has  been  very  light.  An  increased 
amount  has  been  sold  fresh  and  forwarded  to 
thd  interior.  When  the  price  fell  to  $3.60® 
$4.00  per  hundred,  a  large  number  of  teams 
were  regularly  employ^  in  hauling  fish  to 
the  interior,  which  proved  a  very  remunera- 
tive business. 

We  present  estimates  of  the  catch  this  year 
at  most  of  the  various  grounds,  using  the  re- 
turns of  1859  for  a  comparison,  not  having 
procured  authentic  estimates  last  year.    The 


7,803 

10,BGe 

LMN) 

3,000 

o.m 

7.8(M 

76U 

1,200 

3,000 

S.00O 

a.oou 

6.000 

3,100 

6.000 

1,600 

u.suu 

20J 

«00 

3,300 

SflO 

B.6UU 
3.ti00 

7600 
7,000 

SiO 
16000 

2^:^ 

7.01)0 

10  0011 

oatcb  about  Bandnsky  and  Toledo  is  mostly 

soli  fresh. 

Maumee  River  and  Sandiuky  flsberiet. . . . 
Maamite  Ba'  aad  Monroe  county.  Mloh , 

Detroit,  River 

Bi.  OUIr  River  and  Rapid* 

Port  Huron  to  Point  aoz  Barque 

An  Sanble  (operations  suspended  early.) 
Tnnnder  Bay  and  vtomtty  above  Sanble 

River,  inoIudloB  Sasar  Island,  Ac., 

8a«tLa«Bay  ana  River 

TawasBay 

Between  Tnunder  Bay  and  Mackinac,  k- 

cludlDg  Hammond's  Bay , 

Maoklnao.  inoludloR  all  brooKht  there. . 

Reaver  Island  and  neiRhborhood 

Between  DeTour  and  the  Bant 

East  Onastof  Lake  Michigan.. 

Oreen  Bay.bjth  Wlsoonsln  and  MlotiiKan 

Total 66,^60     88.100 

The  estimates  for  the  Q^een  Bay  region  in- 
clude the  whole  country  extending  south 
about  fifty  miles  of  Qreen  Bay,  comprising 
the  fisheries  of  our  enterprising  fellow-citi- 
zen, 7'>hn  P.  Clark,  Esq.,  whose  operations 
ha  'e  .  j^n  quite  successful.  A  number  of 
6  .all  fisheries  have  lately  been  abandoned, 
naving  been  started  by  men  who  endeavored 
to  gain  a  livellbood  by  fishing,  but  were  nn* 
successful.  The  fisheries  on  both  shores  of 
Lake  Michigan  have  gained  very  rapiiily  in 
importance  within  the  past  four  or  five  years. 

From  Mr.  'Jlark's  fisheries  to  Milwaukee, 
the  business  is  prosecuted  with  gill  nets  and 
seines,  and  the  whole  amount  taken  will 
probably  not  exceed  1,600  barrels,  which  is  to 
be  added  to  the  amount  arrived  at  in  the 
above  statement. 

There  is  now  no  inspection  law  in  force  in 
this  State. 

The  stock  now  on  hand  in  this  city  is  es- 
timated at  4,000  barrels,  about  half  of  the 
amount  held  here  a  year  ago.  The  aggre- 
gate amount  received  by  Detroit  dealers  dur- 
ing the  year  is  equal  to  9,464  bbls. 

We  learn  on  good  authority  that  the  stock 
in  Cleveland  at  present  oonsists  of  about 
4,600  barrels.  In  Toledo  there  is  oaly  a 
light  stock,  probably  six  or  eight  hundred 
halves. 

It  is  not  at  all  probable  'Jiat  the  market 
will  assume  a  better  tone  the  earning  year 
unless  the  war  should  come  to  an  end.  In 
that  event,  new  life  would  be  iufsued  into  the 
trade,  in  common  with  other  branches  of 
business.  Prices  may  depend  somewhat  on 
those  ruling  for  mackerel.  Pork  will  be  low, 
which  will  have  some  infiuence  in  keeping 
down  prices. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  current 
rates  for  half  barrels  of  white-fish  semi-month- 
ly during  the  year : 


Jan.  Ist 4  00 

Jan.  loth 8  75 

Feb.  Ist 3  75 

Feb.  15ih 4  00 

March  1st 4  00 

March  15lh 4  03 

April  1st 4  00 

April  l&th 3  76 

May  1st 3  76 


July  Ut 3  00 

July  16th irs 

Aug.  lat 2  75 

AUR.  leth i  75 

S'p.  Ist 2  rs 

Sep,  16th 2  7i 

Oct.  1st. 3  75 

Oct.  leth a  7S 

Nov.  i8t a  li 


18 


M»ymb 3  87K 

JnneUt »i6 

Jane  16th 8  00 


Not.  16th 2  76 

Dec.  lot a  76 

Deo.  16tb 2  76 


lilTC  Btocki 

'■■■  Althoagh  Michigan  ia  not  a  pr^ri«  State,  it* 
BMturea  are  wellM<^P^'<'  f<>'  ^^^  raiaingland  fatten- 
£g  of  oattle,  in  fact,  the  excellence  of  the  grata-fed 
ibeefofthe  State  ia  attracting  attention  in  the 
•aatem  marketa,  and  when  once  farmera  have 
learned  to  rednce  the  feeding  of  atock  to  a  regnlar 
jyatem,  instead  of  the  irregular  plana  followed  at 
preaent,  there  ia  no  doubt  but  immenae  quantitiea 
of  auperior  beef  will  be  exported  from  Michigan. 
The  communication  with  the  eaatem  marketa  and 
the  ffoat  important  aeaporta  on  the  Atlantio  coaat, 
ia  now  ao  perfect  that  beef  can  be  exported  at  any 
seaaon  when  there  ia  a  remunerative  demand  for 
the  article. 

The  live  atock  markets  of  Michigan  are  gener- 
ally regulated  by  those  of  the  Eastern  l^tatea. 
Sometimea  the  Miroral  Begionaof  the  Upper  Pen- 
inaula  produce  a  local  demand  independent  of  the 
state  of  the  New  York  market.  In  January  and 
February,  1861,  the  price  of  ahipping  oattle  waa 
about  93  per  owt.  live  weight.  In  march  and 
April  it  ranged  from  3  to  9H  per  owt.  From  the 
lat  of  May  until  the  middle  of  June,  the  price  ad- 
vanced from  $3i  to  $4  per  owt.,  and  continued  at 
that  figure  for  about  three  weeks.  About  the 
middle  of  June  the  price  again  declined,  and  on 
the  .Ist  of  July,  first  class  cattle  were  bought  at 
93i  per  owt.  Alter  tbia  date  first  class  stock  be- 
came aoarce,  so  that,  although  the  class  nominally 
remained,  the  quality  of  the  stock  was  not  so  good 
as  at  an  earlier  period  of  the  season,  and  inferior 
animals  were  brougbt  forward  to  supply  the  de- 
mand. From  the  first  cf  July  nearly  ail  the  fir.-t 
class  stock  that  could  be  procui'ed  in  the  Petroit 
market  were  shipped  to  Lake  Superior.  Largo, 
coarse,  old  oxen  or  cows  being  in  demand  for  that 
market,  as  the  buyers  there  are  not  particular 
about  quality,  and  if  the  animal  is  fut,  they  don't 
oare  mu^h  bow  old  it  ia.  In  the  eastern  marketa 
tbe  case  ia  difierent,  the  buyers  there  looking  to 
the  quality  of  the  beef,  and  rejecting  old  cattle. 
The  tieight  of  cattle  to  Lake  Superior  is  so  much 
per  head,  ao  that  a  ateer  weighing  eight  hundred 
ponnda,  costs  as  much  for  transportaiion  as  an  ox 
weighing  twice  as  much.  During  the  time  that 
navigation  remains  open,  there  is  generally  a 
steady  demand  for  beef  from  tbe  Mineral  Regions, 
but  this  was  considerably  interrupted  this  year, 
by  several  ef  the  mines  suspending  operations  tem- 
porarily. 

The  recplpfs  of  cattle  and  bogs  for  the 

year  are—       *  *  /    ' 

.»..««  r.  Cattle.  How. 

ByM.O.R.  R.        -       -       .  57^51  »3.m 

ByD.  &M.  RR,      -       ■  1,884  7,023 

By  D.  &  T  H.  R      •       -       •  11,908  28,840 

Bf  G.  T.  R.    -       .              .  40  116 

By  Lake,         ....  i4s  175 

^o*'*.     ,.-...•       •      •         71.6?1        12».<56 
Received  in  ISOa  •      -      -      70,866         61.600 

The  shipments  are — 

CaMle.  Hors. 

Thro'  by  M.  C.  B.  R.  ft  G.  W.  B.      65,946  86,113 

M.  •).  R.  R.  andL»k«,           990  9«7 

"        M  0  R  RandG.  T.R.          us  .jib 

D.  AT.R.  R.ftU.  W.R.       11,6158  19,433 

Local  by  G.  T.  B.         -      -      -  162 

Total     -      .      .      .      i        68,874        110,059 


Cattle  not  purchased  for  shipping,  but  for  aap< 
plying  the  local  demand  of  tbe  Detroit  market 
ranged  from  two  to  four  dollara  1  er  owt.  from  th» 
1ft  of  January  ttf  the  middle  of  June.  From  the 
latter  date  to  the  1st  of  January,  1862,  the  priea 
of  the  same  description  of  stock  ranged  from  91  fiO 
to  93  00  live  weight. 

The  price  of  beef  generally  advanoea  from  the 
middle  of  December  to  the  firat  of  June,  and  from 
the  latter  date  to  the  former  it  naually  declines. 
The  advance  ia  caused  by  the  want  of  paature  da- 
ring the  winter,  and  the  increased  expense  of 
feeding  tbe  stork  on  dry  food.  When  our  farmers 
adopt  a  system  of  rotation  of  crops,  a  great  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  cattle  fed  in  hia  •  tate 
may  be  expected,  also  an  improvement  in  the 
quality  of  beof.  The  prosperity  of  tbe  Britiah 
nirmer  depends  mainly  on  tbe  turnip  crop,  for 
without  it  he  could  not  feed  large  numbera  of  oat- 
tle and  aheep,  and  bring  them  te  the  higheat  atate 
of  perfection,  nor  provide  suitable  manure  for  en- 
riching hia  land.  Wben  our  larmera  grow  large 
cropa  of  Buta  Bagas,  Ac,  a  great  improvepent  in 
fatatock  wiU  take  place,  r^i  .^.^  ,,  ^j  ,j^^^  .-  :  Ji*- 

A  large  number  of  cattle  pass  through  Detroit 
annually,  on  their  way  to  the  eastern  markets, 
but  until  lately  no  sales  of  importance  were  efiected 
in  this  city.  For  the  last  three  years  a  change 
has  been  taking  place,  and  considerable  sales  have 
been  effected  in  Detroit,  principally  at  the  cattle 
market  established  by  Mr.  Harvey  King,  on  the 
Cass  Farm.  Lroverameet  eastern  buyers  in  this 
city,  and  large  lots  are  shipped  to  Kew  York  and 
other  places  weekly.  A  large  brick  block  has 
been  erected  by  Mr.  King  thia  year,  on  Grand 
Biver  street,  the  upper  stories  of  which  will  be 
fitted  up  as  a  Drover's  Hotel,  tbe  lower  parts  will 
be  rented  for  stores,  and  attached  to  this  block  is 
an  extensive  public  slaughter  house,  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  purchasers  of  stock  who  wish  to 
pack  beef,  &o.  This  slaughter  bouse  has  every 
fixture  necessary  for  a  first  rate  establishment  of 
the  kind,  and  is  said  to  be  superior  to  any  in  Gin- 
oinnati.  It  contains  stalls  and  pens  for  the  cattle 
sheep,  and  bogs  which  are  brought  to  be  slaugh- 
tored.  Ihe  apparatus  for  hoisting  is  of  the  best 
kind,  and  the  arrangements  for  ensuring  the  most 
perfect  cleanliness  are  unsurpassed.  It  ia  proba- 
ble that  this  establishment  will  have  a  great  ten- 
dency to  increase  the  sales  of  live  atock  in  tbia 
market,  aa  tbe  waat  of  facilities  of  this  kind  pre- 
vented merchants  from  making  investments  in  the 
packing  of  beef  and  pork,  a  business  which  bea 
been  a  great  meana  of  building  up  Chicago  and 
Cincinnati  in  wealth  and  importance  We  un- 
derstand that  tbe  purchase  of  the  land  for  tbe  cat- 
tle market  and  the  erection  of  the  various  build- 
ings thereon,  have  cost  $60,000. 

A  great  improvement  has  taken  place  in  the 
live  stoek  of  this  State  within  tbe  last  ten  years. 
The  Durham's  have  been  introduced  extensively 
and  crossed  with  the  native  oattle,  by  thia  means, 
increasedjweight  of  caroas  baa  been  obtained,  and 
a  diaposition  to  fatten  readily.  Large  numb'^s  of 
purely  bred  Durham'a  are  now  in  tbe  hands  of 
our  farmers,  and  some  superior  herds  have  at- 
tracted much  attention,  antj  carried  off  ao  many 
prizes  at  State  and  County  Fairs  that  a  spirit  of 
emulation  has  sprung  up  among  our  farmers  which 
vrill  produce  important  results. 


10 


it  for  lap* 
it  market 
N  from  the 
From  the 
the  priee 
omtl  60 

I  from  the 

end  from 

7  deolinef . 

■iture  da- 

xpcnse  of 

or  farmers 

great  in- 

bis    tate 

nt  in  the 

le  British 

crop,  for 

)er8  of  oat- 

{hest  state 

ire  for  en* 

(row  large 

Tement  in 

gh  Tetroit 
Q  markets, 
ire  effected 
s  a  change 
sales  have 
the  cattle 
ng,  on  the 
'ers  in  this 
York  and 
block  has 
.  on  Grand 
cb  will  be 
r  parts  will 
bis  block  is 
for  the  ao- 
rho  wish  to 
bos  every 
lisbment  of 
iny  in  Gin- 
r  the  cattle 
be  slaugh- 
of  the  best 
g  the  most 
s  is  proba- 
great  ten- 
ock  in  this 
B  kind  pre- 
lents  in  the 
which  has 
tiioago  and 
We  un- 
br  the  cat- 
ous  build- 
ice  in  the 
ten  years, 
xtensively 
his  means 
iined,  and 
iumb<  rs  of 
e  hands  of 
Is  have  at- 
r  so  many 
a  spirit  of 
aers  which 


Number  of  cattle  disposed  of  in  King's  Cattle 
litrket : 

„.  July..... m 

,.lu«uit.  UM 

BeDttmber, 1,109 

gctoBer. l,B7tf 

November , 8,874 

December, (00 

Total .7^609 

The  large  arrivals  of  cattle  at  this  market  du- 
ring the  months  of  October  and  November,  was 
occasioned  by  the  demand  for  shipping  to  Lake 
Superior,  Since  the  close  of  navigation,  the  sales 
of  cattle  at  tbis  market  have  somewhat  aecreased, 
those  which  arrive  there  are  mostly  purchased  by 
bntobers  to  supply  the  local  demand. 

-*»  Wool*  '  ..r«''   - 

The  wool  clip  of  1861  was  large,  asd  th? 
farmers,  judgiog  by  the  prices  of  the  few 
last  years,  expected  to  derite  mnch  benefit 
from  the  resalts  of  their  iuvestments  in  the 
breeding  of  sheep,  but  the  old  adage,  "There's 
many  a  slip  between  the  cap  and  the  lip, 
might  be  well  applied  in  this  case,  for  very 
few  of  thorn  realized  the  ezpeotations  which 
had  been  formed  with  sncb  confidence.  The 
bombardment  of  Fort  Snmpter  was  the  si  ;• 
nal  for  speculators  to  open  fire  on  the  price 
of  wool :  and  in  this  case  the  batteries  con- 
tinned  to  play  until  the  majority  of  farmers 
surrendered  at  discretion,  and  sold  the  fine 
clip  of  the  present  year  at  whatever  price  the 
buyers  chose  to  offer.  Some  stubborn  indl- 
▼idualg,  being  unable  to  see  a  sufScient  can  e 
for  the  panic  in  the  woor  market,  'efasod  to 
sell,  and  stored  up  their  wool  in  order  to  wait 
for  sometbiBgto  turn  up;  and  they  have  been 
Buccessfol  in  obtaining  excellent  prices, 
while  their  less  fortunate  [neighbors  are  be- 
wailing their  own  foolishness  in  throwing  away 
the  produce  ot  their  fioclrs.  It  might  have  been 
reasonably  expected  that  the  dearth  of  cotton 
caused  ;by  the  blockade  of  the  Southern 
ports,  would  bring  woollen  fabrics  into 
demand,  and  that  the  clothing  of  an  immense 
number  of  soldiers  and  sailors  would  have  a 
considerable  effect  in  enhancing  the  prices  of 
the  raw  material,  from  which  their  uniform 
and  blankets  are  constructed. 

The  receipts  of  wool  daring  the  past  year 
are  as  follows:  ;  , , 

BrM.O.R.  R..lb8., '■     '.     '    '•      •  .   2.846.130 

;;  D.  and  M.  R.  R.      .         .         .  1,764,724 

*D.  andT,R.R., .         -         -  .      189,807 

,      •   O.  W.  R'y,     ....  6,972 

iir'G.T.R'y,           ....  66.8^8 

"  Uoaitwlie     .         .         -         ,  ia,700 

from  Oanadlan'ports,               •  71,600 

Byteami,           ....  800.000 

Pulled  by  tanners,          .  .      260.000 

Total 5,458,831 

The  monthly  receipts  since  the  introduction 
of  tlae  new  clip,  compared  with  last  season, 
are  as  follows : 

1861.  4860. 

^"•■-     Jane,   ....  48,958  628.430 

'       .    July,          .         .          .  1,132,819  a,^81,lii3 

Augost.          .          .          .  l,606,'J3a  173.686 

'--      Bsntembsr,          •         .  781890  161.264 

•Sii:    October.        •         •         •  680,670          78  605 

November.          -         -  2OT,407          23,474 


Decembei, 
Byteami,  . 

ToUl. 


146.S01 

3oao.o 


18  RIO 
30O0OJ 


4,988,673       4  210,323 


Of  the  leceipts  by  teams  only  a  small  pro- 
portion is  purchased  in  the  street,  the  grest 
bulk  of  it  consisting  of  stocks  from  Howell, 
Farmington,  Milford,  Plymoatb,  Brighton, 
Nov!,  &.C.,  &o.,  wasbronght  here  in  wagons 
for  shipment. 

The  failure  of  the  wheat  crop,  for  several 
years  in  succession,  compelled  farmers  to  turn 
their  attention  to  the  breeding  of  cattle  and 
sheep;  and  by  this  means  they  discovered  that 
these  branches  of  crural  economy  were  much 
more  profitable  than  the  continaal  exhaust- 
ing of  the  soil  by  raising  numerous  crops  of 
grain  without  rotation  or  manure.  The  breed- 
ing of  sheep  has  now  obtained  a  basis  io 
Michigan,  which  cannot  be  shaken  over  % 
the  wonderful  improvement  in  the  wheat  crop, 
which  has  been  so  evident  for  the  past  two 
years ;  and  farmers  will  be  slow  to  part  with 
their  flocks,  although  many  of  them  have 
been  much  discouraged  by  the  low  price  of 
wool  in  the  commencement  of  the  past  season. 

It  is  fully  established  that  a  large  portion 
of  Michigan  is  well  adapted  to  the  breeding 
of  cheep,  and  there  are  now  some  excellent 
fiocks  of  French,  Spanish,  and  Saxon  Meri- 
nos ii  different  parts  of  the  State.  The  in- 
crease of  the  papulation  Las  produced  a  de- 
mand for  mutton,  and  to  meet  it,  the  Leices- 
ters  and  South  Downs  are  being  vap'dly  in- 
troduced. The  latter  seem  admirably  adapt- 
ed to  this  clibate,  they  are  perfectly  hardy, 
yield  an  excellent  quality  of  mutton,  and  a 
fleece  which  is  very  valuable  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  coarse  fab'*'..:s.  It  is  to  be  regretted 
that  there  are  only  a  few  woolen  factories  in 
Michigan,  but  ii  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  expe- 
rience of  the  past  year  will  encourage  the 
proprietors  of  those  which  are  already  estab- 
lished to  incicase  their  power,  and  induce 
others  to  invest  their  capital  in  this  import* 
ant  branch  of  manufacture. 

Farmers  are  beginning  to  be  too  careless 
about  washing  their  sheep;  indeed,  the 
opinion  is  gaining  ground  among  them  that 
washing  is  a  useless  process,  as  the  fleece  will 
weigh  more  in  an  anwashed  state.  At  all 
events  many  of  them  thing  that  there  is  noth- 
ing to  be  gained,  but  something  ^to  be  lost, 
by  the  trouble  and  expense  of  washing.  This 
la  a  mistake  which  should  be  at  once  correct- 
ed The  manufacturers  are  becoming  more 
and  more  particular  about  havUig  the  wool 
tikfij  purchase  washed,  and  we  have  been  in- 
formed that  several  of  them  have  instructed 
their  agents  in  this  State  not  to  purchase  un- 
washed wool  except  at  a  very  low  figure,  and 
the  consequence  has  been,  that  several  farm- 
ers who  neglected  to  wash  their  eheep,  have 
been  unable  to  dispose  of  their  wo«l  at  any- 
thing like  a  remunerating  price. 


20 


There  la  another  practice  which  ii  oreop* 
tog  Into  the  State  that  will  be  %ery  iDJariona 
If  not  checked  in  proper  time  ;  we  allade  to 
the  plfin  of  keeping  the  sheep  anahorn'  for  a 
fortnight  or  more  after  they  are  watihed. 
During  this  time  a  large  quantity  of  oii,  or 
"  greate"  it  lecreted  in  the  wool,  and  the 
fleece  isicaused  to  weigh  heavier  than  it  other* 
wise    would,   the  uddltioaal    weight   being 

Sreaae  and  not   wool.    The  manufacturers 
islike  wool   managed  in  this  way,   as  they 
lose   coDsiderably  by  it,    and  they  have  in- 
structed their  agents  to  "  look  out   for  it." 
We  understand  that  this   practice  was  com- 
menced by  the  sheep  breeders  of   Vermont 
shortly  after  the  introduction  of  the   Meri- 
noes  by  Consul  Jarvis.    The  wool  growers  of 
'^(ermont  being  anxions  to  keep  up  the  sensa- 
tien  which  the   heavy  fleeces  of  those  ceIo< 
brated  sheep  produced,  found  that  the  weight 
ef  Uie  wool   might  be  much    increased  by 
keeping  the  sheep  unshorn  for  a  lonqi  time 
after  being  washed,  and  aibo  by  nibbing  oil 
kito  the  fleec  s  a  few  day  before  shearing. 
The  woolen  manufacturers  lost  so  much  by 
the  Vermont  wool  that  they  refused  to  pur- 
chase it  for  several  seasons,  and  the  "  d  ctor- 
tog"  of  the  fleeces  had  to  be  abandoned.    It 
should  be  borne  in  mind  that  before  the  wool 
is  carded,  or  spun  into  yam  or  worsted  it  is 
alwars  thoroughly  cleansed  firom  every  im* 
purity,  and  the  unwashed  and  greasy  wool 
loses  so  much  daring  this  process  that  it 
doe<«  not  pay  the  manufacturer  to  deal  in 
such  an  article.    It  is  said  that  some  of  the 
best  lots  of  wool  in  Michigan  were  objected 
to  during  the  last  season.    We  mention  these 
facts   for   the   purpose   of  calling  the  at- 
tention   of   farmers  to   the    subject,    and 
cautioning     them     against     the     practice 
of  shearing  without  washing,  or  leaving  the 
sheep  too  long  unshorn  after  being  washed. 
The  farmers  of  Ohio  manage  i  heir  flocks  well; 
they  wash  the  sheep  carefully,  and  shear  as 
soon  as  the  wool  becomes  sufficiently  dry  for 
that  process,  and  the  conseqnen  ^e  is  that  the 
eastern  manufacturers  are   anxious  to  get 
Ohio  wool,  and  are  satisfied  to  pay  three  or 
four  cents  per  pound  more  for  it  than  for  the 
same  grade  of  wool  from  some  other  States. 
This  is  a  matter  of  considerable  importance, 
and  it  demands   the   serious    attention  of 
farmers.    The  manufacturers  are  anxious  to 
put  an  end  to  the  pructices  we  have  men- 
tioned and  will  not  fail  to  lay  a  heavy  hand 
•n  unwashed  or  greasy  wool,  and  the  old  pro- 
verb "forewarned  is  forearmed,"  may  be  both 
applicable  and  serviceable  in  Ibe  present  in- 
stance. 

We  have  alluded  to  the  fact  that  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  rebellion  had  the  effect  of  fur- 
nishing excuses  for  lor/eHng  the  price  of 
wool.    Buyers  were  so  tardy  about  investing 


their  money  in  the  article,  that  the  flnest  wool 
was  In  some  oases  disposed  of  at  f^om  20  to 
26o  per  lb.  and  sent  to  the  Eastern  States  to 
be  manufactured  and  sold  to  the  Qovernment 
for  clothing  for  the  volunteers,  many  of  which 
MicMgan  furnished  for  the  war.  There  are 
woolen  factories  at  Battle  Greek,  JonesviUd, 
Monrce,  Pontiao,  Ann  Arbor  and  St.  OlaJri 
but  these  don't  seem  to  be  suffloieDtly  patron- 
ized by  the  merchants  and  farmers  of  Miohl- 
gan.  There  can  be  no  doubt  but  the  city  ef 
Detroit  would  be  an  admirable  site  for  an  ex- 
tensive woolen  factory,  and  this  matter  should 
be  kept  before  the  public  and  brought  for- 
ward in  every  possible  way.  If  all  the  cloth- 
ing and  blankets  required  by  the  Alidiigan 
trojps  oould  have  been  manufactured  hi 
Detroit,  or  hi  any  other  part  of  Michigan,  a 
vast  sum  would  be  kept  in  the  State,  and  an 
amount  of  employment  given  which  would 
be  of  incalculable  benefit  to  thousands  of  the 
working  population.  It  is  said  that  the  ex- 
pense of  running  a  cotton  or  woolen  factory 
in  Detroit  would  not  be  much  more  than  hau 
what  it  is  in  any  of  the  Eastern  States. 

In  the  whiter  of  1860  pelts  were  scarce,  as 
many  sheep  were  not  slaughtered,  and  as 
there  was  not  much  speculation,  the  price 
was  low.  Sheep  were  well  cared  for  throrgb 
the  winter,  ^d  they  produced  good  fleeces 
at  shearing  time.  The  clip  this  sossoa 
amounts  to  <boui  4,000,000  lbs.  The  piioe 
opened  exceedingly  low,  as,  on  account  of 
the  distracted  state  of  the  nation,  buyer*  wete 
cautious  about  making  making  investments 
in  wool.  The  depression  in  the  market  Has 
been  the  means  of  inviting  purchasers  ftrom 
England,  and  it  is  said  that  about  400,000 
lbs.  have  been  purchased  in  Michigan  for  the 
use  of  woolen  manufacturers  hi  England,  the 

?rice  being  about  twenty-eight  cents  per  lb. 
'he  Hamilton  Mills  Co.,  of  Massachusetts, 
through  tneir  agent,  S.  Folsom,  of  Detroit, 
have  been  the  largest  purchasers  of  wool  in 
Michigan  this  season.  The  balance  of  the 
clip  was  sold  to  manufacturers  in  small  lots 
before  the  price  advanced.  Very  little  was 
bought  on  speculation  this  year.  A  Canada 
firm  purchased  about  200,0()0  lbs.  for  thehr 
own  use.  This  is  the  first  time  that  Canadian 
merchants  have  bought  wool  in  Michigan. 
The  average  price  for  the  main  part  of  the 
clip  has  been  about  twenty-eight  cents  per 
pound.  Since  the  advance,  the  price  has 
been  irregular,  ranging  f^om  thirty-five  to 
forty-two  cents  per  pound. 


oond 

■oft, 

beM 

reqn 

toN 

wUl 

the  I 

chani 

mak< 

down 


Beans. 

The  bean  crop  has  not  been  well  harvested  in 
Michigan  this  year.  The  breadtli  of  land  sown 
was  large,  bat  heavy  rain  fell  just  at  the  oritioal 
time  of  saving  the  Iwans,  and  a  large  portion  of 
them  became  mouldy.  This  accounts  for  the  un- 
eveaess  of  the  samples  offered  for  sale,  they  being 


M 


21 


ooniridwably  mixed,  and  oentaining  a  great  many 
aoft,  diaoolorad  graine.  Almoet  every  paroel  of 
bar  M  brought  Into  the  Detroit  market  thta  year 
raonired  to  be^hand-ploked  befora  being  ehipped 
to  I7ew  Tork.  It  la  a  little  itranga  that  Carman 
will  not  perform  thU  process  at  home,  and  keep 
tha  soft  beans  for  feeding  their  hogs  Whan  mer* 
chants  have  to  hand-piok  the  baant  they  generally 
make  the  fanners  pay  the  expense  by  bringing 
down  the  prioa  to  a  low  figure.  Sinoe  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war,  the  price  of  beans  has  ad- 
vanced oonaiderablv,  large  qaantlties  being  used 
n  tha  rations  of  the  immense  army  which  now 
liee  around  Washington  and  in  various  other 
places  As  early  as  /pril,  an  improvement 
took  place  in  the  price  of  beans,  at  which  time  it 
went  up  flrom  6  to  7  shillinM  per  bushel.  In  May 
It  advanoad  to  8  shillings.  Sarly  in  October,  when 
the  new  crop  began  to  coma  into  the  market,  the 
prlee  declined,  but  about  t!ie  end  of  the  same 
month  it  ralliea  agab,  and  advanced  to  nlna  shil- 
lings p«..-  bushel.  Slnca  that  time  it  has  been 
gradually  rislnff.  until  at  the  end  of  tha  year  it 
reached  ten  shUllngs  per  bushel.  The  varieties, 
or  grades  of  baans  in  the  Detroit  market  are  prin- 
cipally those  known  as  "Navy,"  and  "Medium," 
the  former  generally  brinring  a  shilling  per  bushel 
more  than  tha  latter.  The  shipments  of  baans 
ftrom  Detroit,  during  the  year,  were  all  for  the 
New  Tork  market,  with  the  exception  of  a  small 
quantity  sent  to  the  Upper  Peninsula. 


r ... 


Ommbanrlaa* 


Cranberries  are  said  to  be  a  short  crop  in  Mioh- 
iffan  this  year,  although  considerable  quantities  of 
them  hive  been  prrauced  in  some  localities. — 
Jackson.  Oakland,  and  Kent,  produce  more  Cran- 
berries than  any  other  three  counties  in  the  State, 
and  it  is  firon  them  that  the  Detroit  market  is 
pilnoipally  supplied.  The  crop  in  Indiana  and 
Wisconsin  has  oeen  good  this  year,  and  a  good 
deal  of  the  product  of  these  States  has  oeen 
brought  into  the  Detroit  market  for  sale.  From 
Detroit  the  Cranberries  are  distributed  In  various 
directions,  but  Cincinnati  is  the  principal  market, 
and  by  far  the  greater  part  of  them  are  shipped  to 
that  olty.  One  small  lot  (20  barrels,)  was  sent  tc 
New  Tork  from  this  city,  but  the  speculation  did 
not  pay,  and  shipments  in  that  direction  were  dls- 
oonunued.  New  Tork  is  well  supplied  with  cul- 
tivated Cranberries  from  the  Eastern  Stttes,  and 
the  Western  fruit  is  not  much  esteemed  in  that 
city  i  the  cultivated  cranberries  bringing  7i  dol- 
lars per  barrel,  and  the  wild  fruit  only  4  dollars, 
and  scarcely  saleable  at  that.  This  is  a  signifi- 
cant hint  to  the  farmers  of  Michigan,  who  nave 
much  greater  fooilities  for  cultivating  the  fruit 
than  their  brethren  in  the  Eastern  States.  It  is 
estimated  that  about  400  barrels  are  brought  to 
Detroit  by  teams,  principally  from  Wayne  and 
Oakland,  the  rest  of  the  supply  is  received  by  the 
various  railroads,  with  the  exception  of  a  email 
quantity  brought  by  steamboat  from  Saginaw, 
but  these  being  gathered  by  Indians,  in  a  very 
slovenly  manner,  are  not  much  esteemed  in  the 
market.  The  crop  of  this  year  appears  remarka- 
bly sound  and  good 

Onlone.      -'  ''"J   '^'' 

Immense  quantities  of  Onions  are  raised  in  this 
State,  principally  in  the  town  of  Dearborn,  Wayne 


county.  It  is  said  that  the  crop  .in  that  locality 
amounts  to  about  6  000  barrels  this  year.  Nearly 
all  the  produce  of  this  crop  is  sold  in  Detroit,  tnm 
which  point  it  is  distributed  In  Tarloos  directions, 
the  principal  market  being  Cincinnati,  tiom  which 
city  the  Onions  were  generally  sent  to  tha  South- 
em  States,  but  the  war  has  closed  up  that  market, 
and  at  present  farmers  and  speculators  have  large 
stocks  on  hand,  waiting  for  "something  to  turn 
up,"  so  that  the  navigation  of  the  Ohio  and  tha 
llissiuippi  mav  be  resumed.  The  iknuers  gen- 
erally sell  tha  Onions  at  one  dollar  per  barrel.  A 
considerable  part  of  the  crop  is  annually  sent  to 
the  Upper  Peninsula.  Besides  the  main  crop 
which  u  raised  in  Dearborn,  small  quantities  are 
produced  in  various  parts  of  the  State  which  sup- 

1>ly  the  local  demand  In  the  Inland  cities  and  ?il* 
agee.    :  c.-i '.-;  >•  .  ji-ff  m-- •  ;<  ,  ,    -^ 

■««•• 

The  trade  In  eggs  has  been  brisk  this  year, 
large  quantities  having  been  l>rought  to  the  city 
by  teams  ftcm  the  neighboring  counties,  and  hj 
railroad  from  those  more  distant.  Oakland, 
Wayne,  and  Washtenaw,  contribute  more  to  the 
Detroit  market  than  any  other  counties.  A  con- 
siderable portion  of  the  eggs  received  by  the  Mich- 
igan Central  and  Detroit  and  Milwaukee  railroads 
comi  from  Illinois  and  Wisconsin.  The  shipments 
fh>m  Detroit  are  generally  to  Boston  and  New 
Tork,  and  also  to  the  Lake  Superior  country. 

Peacheit 

Peaches  failed  in  Michigan  last  season,  with 
the  exception  of  those  in  the  vicinity  of  St.  Joseph, 
Berrien  county,  where  fiidlure  is  unknown.  A 
large  quantity  of  peaches  were  imported  from 
Ohfo  during  the  past  season,  and  distributed 
through  the  State  from  Detroit.  The  peaches  of 
Berrien  county  generally  find  a  market  in 
lUinolfl  and  Wisconsin.  An  immense  quantity 
has  been  produced  by  the  peach  orcharos  of  St. 
J  v>8eph  during  the  past  season. 

Frelffhta* 

The  flnctaatiODS  in  the  rates  of  eastern- 
bonnd  freight  may  be  seen  by  the  following 
table  of  rates  between  Detroit  and  New  York. 
Daring  the  season  of  navigation,  the  flgnres 
refer  to  rates  by  lake  and  rail : 


Flour.  4tbOIa«s 
...110 6S 


July  l9t. 


Jan.  16th 1 10 5S  Jaly  16th... 

Feb.  lat 110 68  Axtg.  1st.. 

Feb.   ieth....llO 68  AuK.16th. 

March  l8t....l  10 68  Sep,  ' 


March]  6th. 
AprUlnt. 


__.  l8t 

.1  10 68   Sep.  15th. 


April  15th  ... 
Ma] 


Oot.lBt 100 

Oct.  16th     '  "" 
Nov.  iBt. 


Ilonr.lthOlasa 
66........83X 

61.... 

....80 

60.... 

....80 

60.... 

....30 

65.... 

....saji 

70.... 

...86 

1  00.... 

...M 

1  SO.... 

....60 

1  30.,.. 

..66 

90 47 

75 88 

..fay  Ist 75 88       ,   .       „ 

Mayl6»h 76 38  Nov.  15th...  1  80 

Janelrt 70 33  Dec.  3d....l  60 75 

June  16th....    70 35  Dec.  16th..l  60 76 

The  rates  to  Boston  are  always  10  cents 

higber  on  flour  than  to  New  York. 


OHr  manufactures. 

Coal  on. 

Tbie  oil  has  now  assumed  am  important  po- 
sition in  the  commerce  of  the  ceantry,  being 
extensively  used  in  almost  every  part  of  the 
Union     It  has  bad  already  considerable  effect 


on  the  price  of  wbale  oil,  so  mush  so  indeed, 
thRt  whaliDiK  has  become  an  unprofltable 
business,  and  the  ships  heretofore  employed 
in  capturing  the  monarcbs  of  the  flnny  tribe, 
lie  rotting  at  their  wharves,  or  are  used  for 
obstructing  the  harbors  of  the  rebellious 
South.  The  absence  ef  demand  for  lard  oil 
has  had  an  unfarorable  influence  en  the  price 
of  pork,  and  contribute'^'  to  bring  it  down  to 
the  pvesflnt  low  rale,  'xae  price  of  whisky 
has  alnp  been  effected  ty  it,  both  whisky  and 
lard  having  been  used  extensively  in  combi- 
nation with  spirits  of  turpentine  in  the  manu- 
facture  of  burning  fluid.  It  was  at  first 
thought  that  this  cil  could  not  be  made  suflB- 
ciently  cheap  to  compete  with  other  oils,  and 
the  failure  of  several  companies  engaged  in 
its  ihanufacture,  «eemed  to  justify  that  sup- 
position, but  perseverance  is  generally  re- 
warded with  succiBS,  and  this  manufacture  is 
new  carried  on  successfully  not  only  in  Penn- 
sylvania but  in  Michigan,  and  as  an  illuminat- 
ing material  it  is  rapidly  gaining  favor,  greet 
numbers  of  lamps  suited  for  consuming  it, 
being  now  disposed  of  in  every  city  and  village 
in  the  State. 

The  average  yield  ot  crude  oil  is  said  to  be 
nearly  60  galloas  per  ton  of  coal,  and  the  co&i. 
for  making  is  about  five  cents  per  gallon.  The 
princifial  expense  in  the  manufacture  is  in  the 
process  of  of  refinin?,  about  sixty  per  cent  of 
the  crude  oil  remaiLiug  after  that  operation. 
Of  conr8e  the  luanuiaciure  can  be  most  prof- 
itably carried  near  eil  wells,  or  oil  bearing 
minerals,  but  Detroit  possesses  so  many  ad- 
vantages tf  communication  mt\  various 
places  that  it  a  first  rate  site  for  reflneiies. 

Pttroleum  is  now  finding  a  market  in  Eng- 
land, and  an  analysis  of  it  by  London  Chem- 
ists shows  that  one  hundred  parts  of  it  con- 
flist  of: 

LlRhtNRptha 30 

Heavy  Naptba 60 

Heavy  Lubricating  Oi' 2*j 

I'ar 6 

Carbon 1 

Loss 2 

193 

The  present  wholesale  price  of  refined 
petroleum  in  JJ^ngland  is  three  Bbillings  British 
per  American  gallon,  and  the  price  of  unre- 
fined is  one  shilling.  It  is  probable  that  the 
price  of  the  crude  oil  will  advance,  the  mar- 
gin for  the  refiners  beiog  at  present  too  great. 
It  is  probable  that  aoucdance  of  coal  and 
rock  oil  exists  in  Michigan  awaiting  dis- 
covery and  development.  1  here  is  no  daEger 
of  the  refined  oil  tiecomios  adrag  in  the  mar- 
ket, as  af(er  supplying  the  home  demand  the 
surplus  will  always  find  a  ready  market  in 
England.  Shipments  of  petroleum  are  now 
being  made  from  New  York  to  the  West 
Indies,  acd  one  vessel  lately  took  out  27,000 
gallons  of  this  oil  to  Melboarne,  Australia. 


22 


At  the  time  of  'xaking  our  last  annual  re- 
port there  was  only  one  oil  refinery  in  opera- 
tion in  Detroit ;  now  there  are  five,  as  fol- 
lows: 

J.  F.  Harmon  A  Co.,  3  s;ill8  P'jduce  Si  barrels  per  dar. 
A.  BartlflA  Co.,-        2.    "    ^    "      20      "      ••      " 

Hard'OK,  2    "         "      83      

Jai!.Fiiher  2    "         "      2S      "      "      '• 

E.  Delaney  t  Bro.,     2    "         "20      "      "      " 

The  average  production  of  the  above  five 
refineries  is  100  barrels  per  day,  wh^ch  could 
be  nearly  doubled  by  running  night  and  day. 
The  quantity  refined  in  Detroit  within  the 
last  year  will  amount  to  about  $^450,000 ;  the 
quantity  sold  will  greatly  exceed  that  amount, 
as  there  are  numerous  agencies  for  Eastern 
manufacturers,  the  sales  of  which  are  very 
nearly  equal  to  the  quantity  manufactured 
here.  The  total  amount  of  petroleum  oils 
sold  in  Detroit  will  exceed  $800,000.  There 
is  every  probability  that  before  another  year 
the  manufacturers  of  Detroit  will  be  able  to 
supply  a  suflScient  quantity  of  oil  to  meet  the 
demands  of  the  State. 

The  crude  oil  which  is  refined  in  Detroit  is 
brought  from  Pennsylvania,  as  it  is  found  to 
be  so  much  easier  to  deodorize  than  the  Gan- 
adi&D,  or  Inniskillen  petroleum,  that  manu- 
facturers prefer  to  send  some  two  hundred  or 
three  hundred  miles  for  the  crude  Pennsylva- 
nia oil,  in  preference  to  using  that  which  is  at 
oar  doors,  comparatively  speaking. 

The  great  difilcnlty  with  regard  to  the 
Canadian  oil  is  its  intolerable  odor,  making 
the  cost  of  deodorizing  so  great  that  virtually 
there  is  none  of  it  refined  in  any  of  the  West- 
ern States.  As  yet,  no  cheap  method  has 
been  discovered  for  deodorizing  the  InniS' 
killen  oil,  and  until  some  cheaper  method  o 
dtwdoriziog  it  is  discovered  than  that  usually 
adopted,  there  is  little  cbance  of  the  Canadi- 
an petroleum  being  made  available  for  the 
American  market. 

T  e  ■  ii  produc  6  ii  Djtrcit  is  equal  to  that 
produced  i  ?i  any  ottier  market,  and  as  the 
manufaciurers  find  it  to  their  interests  to 
produce  a  supeiior  article,  the  public  may 
rost  assnred  that  the  Detrtit  manufacturers 
will  maiatftia  their  present  enviable  ^rcputa- 
tion.  In  tho  diiii  lation  of  Pennsj>dDia  Pe- 
troleum there  is  a  largo  quantity  of  naptha 
produced.  Lately  naptha  ,  has  been  coSi^id- 
erabiy  csed  iastead  of  turpentine  f  r  mixing 
with  piiaters' ink,  peints,  var^ishis,  &c., 
&c.  The  article  as  sold  in  Detroit  is  very 
inferi()r, as  it  is  sold  wiihsnt  being  iu  tie 
least  putifled  or  deodorized.  The  consequence 
i3,  that  instead  of  taking  tho  place  of  turpen- 
tine for  all  purposes,  it  has  only  been  us  d 
for  coarse  painting  and  outside  work. 

With  a  little  care  it  can  be  deodorised  com- 
plotely.when  it  in  limpid  as  water  and  as  tree 
from  Oder  as  alcohol  deodorized, it  enters  ex- 


28 


al  re* 
opera- 
18  fol- 

per  da7i 


e  five 
conld 
d  day. 
D  the 
0;  the 
mount, 
Sastern 
very 
ictnred 
oils 
There 
Br  year 
Eible  to 
eet  the 


iensivelj  into  commerce  as  bcnzoine,  mush 
used  for  removiDg  dirt,  grease,  tar,  paint, 
.t&o.  from  dotbing,  and  as  a  solvent  for  In- 
dia rubber,  gutia  perch»,  shellac,  capal,  &>c. 

We  hope  that  our  oil  refiners  will  see  that 
it  is  to  their  adTantage  to  purify  and  deodor- 
ize the  captha  before  it  is  put  on  the  market. 
When  tbat  is  the  case  there  will  be  no  diffi- 
culty in  the  use  of  it  in  place  of  turpentine, 
as  the  chemical  constituents  are  the  same  on- 
ly in  varying  proportions. 

The  oil  trade  of  Detroit  is  yet  in  its  infancy. 
before  another  year  tbe  qaanuiy  produced  in 
Detroit  wiil  be  doubled  and  may  be  trebled. 
The  use  of  petroleu  n  oil  is  becoming  uni- 
versal, as  it  is  cheaper  by  one  hundred  per 
cent,  than  any  illumiaating  agent  yet  discov- 
ered. 

Tbe  value  of  the  oil  lofiaed  in  Detroit  within 
the  last  year  tvas  abjut  $150,000— a  very  re 
epectabie  item  of  our  domestic  manufactures. 

Chemical  IVorka' 

DB.   S.  F.  DUFFiELD,  FKOPRIETOB. 

Chemical  manufacturing,  as  a  branch  of 
business,  has  been  entirely  neglected  i"  Mich- 
igan till  witbin  tbo  last  year,  when  Dr.  Duf- 
field  commenced  the  manufacture  of  cherai- 
oals,  as  a  regular  branch  ot  business,  at  his 
Chemical  Works,  iu  the  upper  part  of 
the  city.  We  believo  that  the  Doctor's 
works  are  the  first  devoyod  wholly  to 
the  manutacturing  of  chemicsls  in  the  State 
of  Michigan.  Tbere  is  no  business  that  pro- 
flents  such  inducements  to  tiie  ecientido  :aiaa 
and  capitalists  as  manufacturing  chamicals. 
Since  ine  passage  of  tb^  Morrill  tariff  there 
has  been  exuaordinary  Inducements  to  un- 
dertake tbe maiaficcuring  of  chemical j  on  a 
large  scale,  as  a  duty  of  80  j>er  cent,  on  an 
average  has  been  levied,  on  most  of  tbe  chemi- 
cals wttich  have  heretofore  been  imported. 

No  city  in  tbe  wost  pos3e:j3es  half  of  the 
natural  advantages  uf  Djoruit  for  ttie  prose- 
cution of  that  and  simiUr  branches  of  mauu- 
fa<.''Unng,  and  it  argues  well  f  jr  tbe  Doc'gor 
that  he  nad  lae  ei  orgy  and  sagacity  to  intro- 
duce d  new  branch  of  manur'acturing  in  our 
midst,  and  one  from  wuicb  there  is  iikoly  to 
flow  so  many  solid  advaniages  to  the  city  and 
State. 

Theie  is  our  vast  deposits  of  miuerals, 
earths,  salt welis,  ochre.",  &'j.,  all  nqdring 
the  mi  ad  and  labor  of  the  chemist  lo  render 
them  suiiable  for  our  dooicstic  wauts,  or  as 
article >  of  moichaudise.  There  is  seat  an- 
nually from  Ddtroit  ovor  $200,000  to  pay  for 
chemicils  alone;  wo  hope  that  amount,  or  the 
greater  part  of  it  will  be  retained  In  ibo  city. 

The  Doctor  is  now  manufacturing  fine 
chemicals  lor  medicinal  tind  photographical 
purposes,  and  to  those  connected  with  the 
business  we  would  only  say,  patronise  uome 


industry ;  you  will  get  articles  equal  t)  any 
manufactured  tast,  and  same  time,  transpor- 
tation, exchange,  packages,  and  risks, 
and  encdurage  home,  manufacture,  thereby 
helping  yourselves,  the  Doctor,  the  city  and 
State. 

Shaw's  Eds*  Tool  Worka« 
Were  establshed  within  the  |  year  by  Mr. 
Shaw,  at  the  Novelty  Works.  Mr.  Shaw  has 
turned  out  a  large  amount  of  work  for  the  gov- 
ernment contractors  of  cavalry  equipments. 
His  work  has  been  equal  to  any  made  east, 
and  remai'kable  for  the  high  finish  and  fine 
workmanlike  manner  in  which  it  was  gotten 
up.  We  understand  that  Mr.  Shaw  will  fur* 
nish  the  lance  blades  for  the  Lancers. 

Such  works  as  Mr.  Qb'wr  has  established 
were  much  nee  ed  io  Detroit,  and  it  is  grati- 
fying to  know  that  Mr.  Shaw  has  been  so 
eminently  successful  in  establishing  a  new 
branch  of  business ;  it  is  only  another  illus- 
tration of  the  beueflts  which  will  flow  from 
the  ■'  Morrill  Tarifi."  In  the  iron  trade  there 
is  the  greatest  activity  pr^ailing,the  importa- 
tion of  the  coaisar  grades  cf  manufactured  kon 
has  almost  ceased,  and  it  will  net  be  long  before 
there  are  "ACtories  enough  starred  to  mana- 
facturs  flaer  grades  also,  there  is  no  business 
more  prosoerous  or  more  likely  to  remain  so 
than  the  irun  interests  of  Michigan,  and  no 
investment  can  be  made  where  the  profits  are 
better  or  more  certain. 

Within  the  last  tea  years  parties  in  Detroit 
have  made  great  and  successful  efforts  to 
have  tiew  and  indespensible  branches  of  man- 
ufacturing started  in  this  city,  and  to  their 
enterprisi)  and  intelligence  the  city  is  at 
present  indebted  for  the  proud  position  which 
her  manufactured  articles  have  acquired 
wherever  they  have  been  introduced.  Detroit 
owes  much  to  her  natural  position  and  re- 
sources, but  she  owes  more  to  tbe  intelligence 
and  and  energy  of  her  population.  Her  manu- 
factories were  not  started  to  enhance  the 
valae  of  property  or  from  speculative  mo- 
tives, they  were  the  slow  growth  of  the  ne- 
cessities of  her  people,  and  consequently 
they  are  on  a  healthy  and  permanent  basis, 
?is  yet  they  are  in  their  infancy,  and  far  be- 
hind the  necessities  of  the  city  or  require* 
ments  of  the  State,  but  the  time  is  camiig— 
and  if  unfortunately  there  should  be  war 
with  England — ihe  lima  is  not  far  distant 
when  this  country  will  have  to  rely  on  its 
domestic  resou  ces,  and  the  very  first  thing 
towards  making  it  independant  of  foreign 
governments,  is  to  manufacture  sufficiently 
Jor  the  wants  of  its  iahabiteuts. 

MTool  aud  IVooleu  Factorlcst 

The  amount  of  wool  produced  in  Michigan 
within  the  last  year  was  ove  3,500,000  lbs., 
— the  amount  of  which  manufactured  in 
Michigan  did  not  exceed  260^000  pounds, 


24 


: 


leaving  two  and  three  million  pounds  sen<i  to 
be  mannfaetmed  east  tais  season,  wool  was 
sold  in  Michigan  irom  20  to  28  cents  per 
pound ;  say  the  average  price  was  26  cents, 
then  it  would  bring  into  the  State,  or  go  to 
pay  eastern  indebtedness  about  six  hundred 
and  eighty'Seven  thousand  dollars,  when,  if 
the  same  wool  had  even  been  manufactured 
into  army  blankets,  it  would  have  brought 
into  the  State  at  least  |2,600,000;  while,  if 
the  same  amount  had  been  woven  into  socks, 
shirts,  drawers  or  clothes,  it  would  have 
brought  into  the  State  over  $3,000,000,  and 
given  employment  to  a  large  and  fast  in- 
creasing part  of  our  population,  and  render 
many  i  home  happy  and  comfortable,  where 
at  present  every  recurring  winter  but  ex- 
hausts the  resources  collected  during  a  pros- 
perous summer  season,  and  often  compels 
those  who  would  be  independent  under 
more  Tavorable  circumstances,  to  be  the  re- 
cipients of  public  charity,  as  the  records  of 
the  Po(«r  Master  will  abundantlv  prove 

The    State    of   Michigan    has     expend- 
ed over  $800,000  m  clothing  alone,  while 
the  United  States  lias  purchased  over  $800,- 
000  worth  more ;  while  the  blankets  alone 
for  the  2d  Regiment,  which  have  been  raised 
in  the  State,  will  amount  to  over  $160,000, 
and  amount  expended  for  batteries,  independ- 
ent companies  and  squadrons,  will  amount  to 
9100,000  more,  making  a  total  of  $800,000, 
which  is  far  within  the  amount  actually  ex- 
pended for  dothhsg  in  Michigan.    Of  that 
amount  there  was  manufactured  in  Michigan 
about  $50,600  worth,  leavhig  the  amount 
supplied  by  Eastern  States  $760,000  worth. 
The  Qovemor  of  the  State  and  the  Quarter- 
masier.)  both  of  the  State  and  United  S.^Ates, 
have  used  every  exertion  to  have  the  cloth- 
ing made  in  the  State  for  the  Michigan  regi- 
ments.   In  that  they  have  been  successful, 
but  the  lamentable  fact  still  remains  that  not 
one  mill  in  the  State  has  yet  furnished  blue 
army  clothes.    They  can  and  would  fumieh 
grey  clothes,  but  as  that  is  inadmissable,  it 
shows  a  lamentable  want  of  means  or  inter- 
prise  in  the  woolen  factories  scattered  through 
the  State,  that  not  one  of  them  has  a  dye 
bouse  with  icdigo  vat  attached  t©  their  fac- 
tories, Within  this  last  year,  an  unprecsdeut- 
ed  demand  has  sprung  up  for  woolen  fabrics 
suitable  for  army  clothing.    That  demand, 
with  the  consequent  withdrawal  of  the  woolen 
factories  from  their  usual  styles  of  manufac- 
tures,  has  left  the  market  so  bare  of'jwoolen 
goods  that  for  a  long  time  to  come  the  manu- 
facture of  saleable  woolen  jjoods  will  be  the 
most  profitable  investment  tbat  can  be  made 
at  present  in  manufacturing. 

We  hope  that  the  present  golden  oppor- 
tunity for  our  woolen  factories  wil'  not  be 
left  unimproved.    That  Michigan  will  tako  a 


pride  in  sustaining  her  home  productions, 
there  can  be  no  doubt.  When  she  will  be 
called  upon  to  pay  her  portion  of  the  war 
tax,  the  people  will  discover  that  the  easiest 
way  to  pay  their  debts  is  ta  retain  as  much 
money  as  possible  in  the  State,  by  encour- 
aging and  supporting  our  home  manufac- 
tures. 

Th«  Tanneries. 

The  manofaoture  of  leather  has  long  l>een  a  very 
important  biranoh  of  the  trade  of  Detroit  and  it  is 
now  eatab)';jhed  on  a  firm  basis,  and  attracts  buy- 
ers fronii  almost  every  part  of  the  Union.  It  is 
not  an  extraordinary  ciroumstanoe  that  the  tan- 
t.i  ies  oiDetroit  have  grows  from  a  small  beginning 
to  their  present  magnitude  and  importance,  for 
the  nnmerons  facilities  and  conveniences  which 
th's  city  possesses  in  the  shape  of  navigation  and 
railroads,  cheap  fuel,  abundant  urater,  and  plenty 
of  skilled  or  unskilled  labor,  renders  it  an  excel- 
lent site  for  factories  of  every  kind,  and  the 
wonder  is  not  th^t  those  which  have  been  estab- 
lished are  saoeessfnl,  but  that  factories  of  several 
kinds  have  not  sprung  up  in  this  favored  locality. 
There  are  about  sixteen  tanneries  and  morocco  fac- 
tories in  the  city,  and  nearly  all  of  tham  have 
been  at  fall  work  during  the  past  year,  a  ciroum- 
stanoe which  has  contributed,mat«rially  to  the  pro* 
perity  of  the  city,  by  giving  employment  to  a  great 
number  of  hands,  and  causing  n  brisk  demand  for 
hides,  skins  and  pelts.  The  gcod  quality  of  the 
leather  manufactured  in  Detroit  has  attracted 
bnyersfrom  the  Eastern  States  and  Canada,  and 
the  I>ook8  of  the  different  Railroads  show  that  a 
large  quantity  of  leather  has  been  distributed  from 
this  point  daring  the  year  which  has  just  termi- 
nated;]and  as  the  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes 
is  now'oarried  on  extensively  in  this  city,  much  of 
the  leather  made  here  fines  a  local  market.  From 
present  appearanceiS  it  seems  probable  that  Detroit 
will  soon  become  the  emporium  of  ,the  leather 
manufacture,  and  also  of  the  boot  and  shoe  trade 
for  all  the  Western  States.  There  are  now  about 
1,500  shoemakers  employed  in  tha  city,  and  the 
work  furnished  byour  dealers.from  Detroit  leather, 
is  fully  equal  to  the  best  produced  in  the  East. 

Mr.  Eldred's  tannery  is  situated  on  the  river 
side  about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  below  the  depot  of 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  It  is  a  large 
brick  building,  built  expressly  for  a  tannery,  and 
containing  all  the  modem  improvements,  ^  the 
machinery  being  driven  by  an  engine  of  thirty- 
five  horse  power.  .About  16,000  hides  have  been 
tanned  in  this  establishment  during  the  pn«t  year. 
Twenty-five  hands  are  kept  in  constant  employ- 
ment. Tho  leather  manufactured  in  this  tannery 
is  all  shipped  to  Boston  and  Hartford.  The  hides 
are  all  purchased  in  Michigan,  being  obtained 
from  various  parts  of  the  State,  chiefly  from  places 
on  the  different  railroad  lines.  Uemlock  bark  is 
used.  This  is  procured  from  the  shores  of  Lake 
Huron  and  other  places.  •  It  is  purchased  by  the 
cord,  like  firo-wood,  and  piled  up  in  large  ricks  to 
be  used  when  required.  Before  being  used  in  the 
process  of  tanning,  it  is  ground  in  u.  £teol  mill  and 
reduced  to  a  coarse,  granular  state;  it  is  then 
steeped  in  large  vats  for  the  purpose  of  extracting 
its   astringent   properties.     For  heavy  hides  a 


T 


25 


H 


strong  solution  of  bark  is  required,  for  light  hides 
and  skins  weaker  liquor  is  found  to  answer.  The 
drying  room  of  this  tannery  contains  accommoda- 
tion for  drying  1,600  hides  at  one  time ;  it  is  100 
feet  in  length  by  40  in  breadth,  and  the  requisite 
degree  of  temperature  is  procured  by  an  arrange- 
ment of  steam  pipe  4,  which  are  so  disposed  that 
an  uniform  heat  is  diffused  through  every  part  of 
the  room.  A  large  quantity  of  heavy  belting 
leather  has  been  manufactured  at  this  tannery 
during  the  past  year,  also  a  portion  of  a  lighter 
quality.  -. 

The  establishmentof  Oroul  &  Brothers  is  situat- 
ed on  the  river  sido  near  the  mouth  of  the  little 
rivulet  known  as  Bloody  Run.  It  is  one  hundred 
and  ten  feet  long  and  fifty  feet  wide,  with  an 
engine  house  36  H 18.  The  leather  manufactured 
in  this  tannery  generally  find  a  market  in  Detroit, 
and  is  finished  before  it  is  sent  out  of  the  estab- 
lishment. The  fir  ja  have  an  office  on  the  comer 
of  Bates  and  Woodbridge  streets,  in  which  place 
their  business  is  principally  transacted.  During 
the  past  year  they  have  tanned  10,000  hides, 
4,000  calf  skins,  and  16,000  sheep  skins.  About 
36,006  lbs  of  wool  have  been  puUed  from  the  latter 
this  season. 

We  have  not  space  to  enter  into  a  description  of 
all  the  tanners  in  the  city.  They  have  nearly  all 
been  at  full  work  during  the  past  season,  and  a 
very  large  amount  of  leather  has  been  manufac- 
tured. A  considerable  portion  of  it  has  been  re- 
quired for  supplying  shoes  to  the  volunteers,  and 
harness,  saddles,  and  other  equipments  to  the 
artillery,  cavalry,  and  wagon  train.  Notwith- 
standing the  brisk  demand  for  leather  which 
sprung  up  last  Summer  and  Fall,  the  prices  of  the 
article  has  been  lower  than  last  year.  The  price 
of  harness  leather  in  1860  being  28o  per  lb,  and  in 
1861,  25o.  The  highest  price  of  kip  in  1860  was 
66c  per  lb;  in  1861  the  highest  was  60c.  Upper 
leather  per  dozen  sold  for  $36  in  1860,  and  in  1861 
for  $30.  The  price  of  hides  during  the  past  year 
has  been  low,  averaging  for  green  hides  about  4c 

fer  lb,  being  about  To  per  lb  lower  than  lasr  year, 
n  January  the  price  of  hides  opened  at  4|o  per 
lb,  in  March  it  advanced  to  6o.  In  May,  Juno, 
July  and  August,  it  receded  to  3o  per  lb.  In 
October  and  November  the  price  was  4o  per  lb, 
and  in  December  6o 

There  is  an  extensive  tannery  at  Ann  Arbor 
belonging  to  Weil  &  Brother.  This  firm  pur- 
chase a  great  number  of  hides,  skins  and  pelts, 
and  manufacture  a  large  quantity  of  leather. 
They  havo  a  store  for  the  sale  of  leather,  &(:.,  in 
connection  wiih  the  tannery,  andh^  ve  also  branch 
stores  in  Chicago  and  New  York,  for  the  purchase 
of  hides,  &<!.,  and  the  sale  of  leather.  In  the  store 
in  New  work  the  purchases  ara  conflnod  to  dry 
hide.i,  which  are  brought  principally  from  South 
America.  Considerable  numbers  of  green  hides 
are  prccurei  in  Chicago,  as  a  great  many  cattle 
are  slau 'htered  in  that  city,  the  packing  of  beef 
being  carried  on  there  extensively.  A  large 
quantity  of  wool  is  pulled  at  this  tannery  every 
year ;  steam  being  used  in  the  operation  of  soften- 
ing the  skins.  This  establishment  is  of  great  bene- 
fit to  the  county  of  Washtenaw,  as  it  provides  a 
home  market  for  the  hides,  skins  and  pelts  pro- 
duced in  that  locality.  Washtenaw  being  the 
principal  sheep-feeding  county  in  Michigan,  a 


large  number  of  pelts  are  disposed  of  by  the  farm- 
ers every  year.  Although  much  of  the  leatbar 
manufactured  in  Detroit,  and  other  parts  of 
Miohigan,is  shipped  in  the  rough  to  be  finished  by 
Eastern  factories,  it  is  satisfactory  to  see  that  the 
portion  finished  in  this  city  and  sold  to  boot  and 
shoe  manufacturers  is  increasing  rapidly  every 
succeeding  year.  We  are  glad  to  note  Uiat  our 
shoe  stc?es,new  contain  a  fair  share  of  home  made 
work,  and  as  it  is  acknowledged,  by  common  con- 
sent, to  be  the  best ;  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  it  will 
be  patronized  by  our  citizens.  In  connection  with 
this  subject  we  may  mention  that  the  Last  Factory 
of  M.  G.N.Curtis  in  this  city,  is  turning  out  an  im- 
mense quantity  of  lasts,  trees,  crimps  and  crimp 
machines,  and  employs  a  large  number  of  hands. 

The  Tabaceo  Trade* 

This  (to  Detroit)  very  important  branch  of 
industry  continues  to  increase.  There  are 
now  seven  steam  tobacco  manufactories  in 
this  city,  viz :  E,  C.  Barker,  J.  J.  Bagley, 
Scotten,  Qranger  &,  Lovett,  Hanna  A  Co., 
Maxfield  &  Cook,  Nevin  &  Mills,  and  Fran- 
cis Eccard. 

The  total  amount  of  tobacco  cut  in  this 
city  during  the  poa^  year  is  8,000,000  pounds. 
Nearly  the  whole  of  this  is  put  up  in  bulk,  in 
barrels  and  half  barrels.  The  total  amount, 
if  packed  in  barrels,  would  make  the  aston- 
ishing amount  of  46,000.  To  make  this  num- 
ber of  barrels  would  keep  fifteen  coopers  cmi' 
stantly  at  work.  It  requires  over  (4,000 
worth  of  knives  to  cut  it  up.  The  knives 
are  bought  in  New  Tork  and  Buffalo.  Why 
would  it  not  be  a  paying  operation  for  some 
one  to  make  them  here  1 

There  are  employed  directly  and  indirectly 
nearly  1,000  persons  by  the  tobacco  trade  of 
this  city.  The  gross  amount  of  sales  by  the 
tobacco  and  cigar  manufacturers  for  the  last 
year  has  been  ^1,000,000.  That  the  trade 
will  continue  to  increase,  we  have  no  reason 
to  doubt.  Detroit  is  so  situated  that  supplies 
of  the  ra«ir  material  can  be  easily  and  cheaply 
secured,  and  can  be  as  easily  and  cheaply 
shipped  to  every  section  of  the  United  States. 
Gut  tobacco  is  so  much  pur^r,  cleaner,  better 
and  cheaper  than  plug  that  it  is  gradually 
sapplantina  it  in  every  dirertion.  A  few 
years  ago  the  Northern  .traveller  could  hardly 
find  a  paper  of  "  flae  cut,"  anywhere  within 
100  miles  of  this  side  of  the  Ohio  river.  'STow 
in  Washington,  Cincinnati,  Louisville,  St. 
Louis, "  Michigan  Fine  Cut  Tobacco,"  is  ad- 
vertised in  the  shop  windows  of  all  the  to- 
bacco shops.  Before  the  rebellion,  tobacco 
was  shipped  almost  daily  from  here  to  points 
all  over  the  South — Qaveston,  Memphis, 
Selma,  Alabama,  New  Oijeans,  &c.  Now 
our  own  State,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Ohio,  Wis- 
cousin,  Iowa  and  Canada  West  get  the  largest 
share  of .  their  tobacco  from  Detroit,  and 
there  is  not  a  State  west  of  the  Hudson  river, 
in  which  Michigan  tobacco  is  not  sold. 


26 


OwiiDg  to  snccessive  bad  crops  and  the  re- 
bellion, tobacco  has  advanced  within  the  past 
ten'  months  nearly  if  not  quite  100  per  cent., 
and  will,  if  the  war  continaes,  advance  much 
more.  Oar  mannfactarers  have  of  coarse 
been  obliged  to  advance  their  prices,  though 
we  believe  that  their  prices  are  still  far  be- 
low those  of  the  eastern  cutters.  When  to* 
bacco  was  first  used  is  not  known,  though  it 
has  been  said  that  it  was  first  raised  and  nsed 
Id  Persia  abont  the  year  1400.  Others,  how- 
ever, say  that  the  Chinese  have  had  the  use 
of  tobacco  for  many  ages.  The  Persian 
provost  says,  "Coffee  without  tobacco  is 
meat  withoat  saltl"  In  1634,  Olearias 
found  the  Russians  "  so  addicted  to  its  use 
that  they  would  spend  their  money  on  it 
rather  than  bread,"  The  whole  world  uses 
it,  and  though  it  has  been  preached,  pray- 
ed, talked,  legislated,  and  written  against  for 
centuries,  we  do  not  expect  to  see  its  use 
dispensed  with  io  our  day — and  so  long  as  it 
is  a  necessity,  we  are  glad  to  know  that  our 
city  is  doing  its  share  in  making  it. — 

"Tobacco is  an  Indian  weed, 
OrowB  green  at  morn,  cut  down  at  eve  : 

It  shews  our  decay,  we  are  but  day. 
Think  CD  this  when  you  sm^ke  tobacco." 

Our  exports  are  immense,  but  owing  to  the 
many  different  names  for  packages  and  dif- 
ferent weights,  it  is  difficult  to  present  con- 
clusive returns.  We  make  the  shipments 
20,685  packages  equal  to  barrels.  This  of 
course  does  not  include  the  amount  sent  out 
by  teams. 

""'''  Itniuber.     *"; 

In  times  of  panic,'no  interest  in  the  commu- 
nity suffers  more  than  that  of  lumber,  and  ac- 
cordingly the  year  that  has  jast  closed  has 
been  one  of  gre  t  depression.  The  market 
has  dragged  from  first  to  last,  with  rather  a 
declining  tendency.  To  show  the  sensitive- 
ness of  the  market,  wo  may  state  that  the 
news  of  the  Federal  repulse  last  summer,  be- 
fore Manassas,  produced  a  decline  of  $1  per 
M.  In  spite  of  the  unfavorable  aspect  of  the 
trade,  considrrable  '  as  been  done,  but  at  low 
prices.  The  year  may  not  be  inappropriate- 
ly termed  one  of  retail  sales  at  wholesale  price?: 
This  is  especially  true  of  the  Cleveland 
market,  and  perhaps  other  markets  in  Ohio, 
where  considerable  has  changed  hands.  The 
agricultural  interests  was  sufficiently  pros- 
perous in  1860  to  induce  far  t  ers  to  devote 
considerable  money  to  building  iiDprovements, 
and  the  aspect  of  the  times,  so  fir  from  pre- 
venting the  carrying  out  of  their  plans,  was 
only  the  more  lavorabie  for  their  consumma- 
tion, inasmuch  it  as  enabled  them  to  purchase 
at  their  own  prices.  About  fifty  hmall  sized 
vessels  were  engaged  a  portion  of  the  fall  in 
carrying  lumber  from  Port  Haron  to  Chicago, 
Cleveland;  Toledo  and  Sandusky,  and  quite 


a  large  amocnt  was  harried  off  to- 
wards the  close  of  navigation,  but,  as  we 
have  already  premised,  it  found  a  market  at 
prices  that  afforded  no  margin  to  the  manu- 
facturer, selling  at  about  what  the  raw  mate- 
rial was  really  worth.  But  those  who  had 
obligations  to  meet  were  obliged  to  sell,  bat 
for  which  circumstance  there  would  doubtless 
have  been  very  little  done. 

At  the  mills  on  the  Saginaw,  we  under- 
stand, there  is  now  on  hand  80,000.000  feet 
in  lumber  and  logs.  There  is  much  more 
than  an  average  year's  stock  to  operate  upon, 
owing  to  the  floating  of  the  logs  detained  on 
the  streams  a  year  ago.  At  Thunder  Bay 
there  is  now  2,000,000  feet  ready  to  be  rafted 
down. 

The  lumber  manufactured  by  the  Saginaw 
Biver  mills  the  past  year  is  estimated  at  from 
ninety  to  one  hundred  millions. 

From  all  we  can  learn,  our  lumber  interest 
suffers  about  as  severely  as  any  other  by  the 
operations  of  the  Beciprooity  Treaty.  Men 
of  good  judgment  estimate  the  loss  on  our 
lumber  in  coiio^  ^uence  of  this  Treaty  at  $2 
per  M.  If  this  is  a  safe  estimate,  the  damage 
to  our  State  Is  enormous.  We  understand 
that  Canadian  dealers  are  now  sending  their 
lumber  to  Portland  by  the  Qrand  Trunk.  If 
they  can  compete  with  the  Maine  lumber- 
men in  tht  ir  own  home  market,  conclusive 
evi(?ence  is  afforded  of  the  way  in  which  the 
Treaty  opar.  tes  to  the  benefit  of  Canada. 

The  receipts  of  lumber  at  this  point  during 
the  year  are  as  follows  :         ..■.,    , 

M. 

-  -       -       3,769 
-       ^      •      .SIO 

-  -       .       1.746 
.     lai 

.       .  SO 


Ooastw!8% 

By  Oinadlaa vesse's. 
By  1).  and  M.  R.  R. 
By  D.  anfi  T.  R.  R..    • 
ByM.  0.  R.  K.,       - 


Lumber. 
M. 

22,285 


Sbinfcleif.   Etavef. 
M.  M. 

15,1S1  6.S41 


Tela'. 5.974 

The  following  comprircs  all  the    reported 

shipments  by  lake  : 

LAtb.  Shingle  Bolts. 
M.  Cords. 

6.473  890 

The  shipments  of  lumber  by  rail  consist 
of  4,495  M  by  the  Central,  1,037  M  by  the 
D.  and  M.  R.  R.,  and  1,094  M  by  the  D.  and 
T.R.  B.,  which,  added  to  the  lake  exports, 
from  an  aggregate  of  28,911  M  feet. 

Stove  Factory. 

The  manufacture  of  stoves  is  now  carried  on  in 
Detroit  on  an  extensive  scale  by  Messrs.  Ganson 
&  Co.,  who  have  erected  a  large  factory  for  this 
purpose  on  the  river  side  near  Dr.  Kussell's  Iron 
Smelting  Works,  and  adjoining  the  extensive 
Steam  l!orge  of  Ford  and  Fhilbriok.  The  faotory 
was  completed  about  three  months  ago,  and  the 
arrangements  for  carry  ng  on  the  business  are  of 
the  most  improved  description.  The  moulding 
floor  is  90  H  46  feet.  The  stove  and  engine  room 
is  91)  H  30.  The  engine  is  15  horse  power.  The 
firm  manufacture  large  quantities  rf  all  kinds  of 


off  to- 
t,  ns  we 
larket  at 
e  mann- 
aw  mate- 
who  had 
sell,  bat 
doubtless 

e  ncder- 
000  feet 
ch  more 
ate  upon, 
talned  on 
ider  Bay 
be  rafted 

Saginaw 
d  at  from 

ir  interest 
er  by  the 
ty.  Men 
ss  on  oar 
3aty  at  $2 
e  damage 
iderstand 
ling  their 
rank.  If 
e  lamber- 
Bonclasive 
which  the 
anada. 
lint  daring 

M. 

3,769 
•      310 

1.746 

.     134 

SO 

-  6!974 

reported 

ihlngle  Bultfl. 
Cords. 

890 

ill  consist 

M  by  the 

be  D. and 

:e  exports, 


arried  on  in 
isrs.  Ganson 
)ry  for  this 
[lesell's  Iron 
e  extensive 
The  factory 
go,  and  the 
siaess  are  of 
le  moulding 
sngine  room 
>ower.  The 
all  liindsof 


27 


i 


stoTea,  and  employ  about  twenty  men,  mostly 
praotioal  stovo-moulders.  They  ase  Lake  Superior 
Iron  with  a  mixture  of  Scotch.  The  foundry 
buildings  are  o^  brick,'  and  the  whole  conce'n  has 
the  appearance  of  permanency  and  thrift  which 
give  earnest  of  success.  We  have  been  informed 
that  their  stove  plate  is  vastly  superior  to  that 
manufactured  at  the  East,  being  much  stronger 
and  of  better  material.  Such  establishments  as 
this  should  be  encouraged  by  our  citizens  and 
patronized  in  every  possible  way.  There  is  a 
great  advantage  in  purchasing  stoves  at  this 
foundry,  as  the  models  are  always  on  hand,  and  if 
any  part  becomes  broken,  or  out  of  order,  it  can  be 
at  once  repaired  at  the  foundry.  Ganson  &  Co. 
invite  the  public  to  inspect  their  lactory  and  see 
what  can  be  done  in  Detroit. 

Cooi~'erage* 

Light  cooperage  has  been  duller  than  last  year, 
owing  to  the  limited  demand  for  apples  and  pota- 
toes; still  the  trade  may  be  called  fair.  To- 
wards winter  barrels  for  packing  beef  were  so 
scarce  that  the  maiket  for  beeves  became  actually 
depressed  in  consequence.  They  are  now  31-12}, 
against  90c@1.00  a  year  ago.  Flour  barrels  25 
(930o,  against  30(S35o  a  year  ago. 

Tbe  Copper  Interest  of  MiohlKan* 

Thic  great  interest  of  Michigan  was  first 
broaght  into  public  notice  by  tbe  enormoas 
speculations  and  the  mad  fever  of  1845.  The 
large  spar  of  coantry  which  projects  far  oat 
into  the  lake,  having  its  base  resting  on  a  l>ne 
drawn  across  from  L'Anse  Bay  to  Ontonagon, 
and  the  Porcupine  Mountains  for  its  spine, 
became  tbe  El  Djrado  of  all  coppetdum  of 
that  day.  In  this  year  the  first  active  opera- 
tions were  commenced  at  tbe  Cliff  Mine,  jast 
back  of  Eagle  river  harbor.  Three  years 
later,  in  1848,  work  was  {.undertaken  at  the 
Minnessota,  some  fifteen  miles  back  fron  the 
lake  at  Ontonagon. 

The  history  of  tbe  copper  mines  on  Lake 
Superior  shows  that  even  tbe  best  mines  d's- 
eppointed  tbe  owners  in  the  be^ioning.  We 
give  the  facts  relative  to  the  three  mines  at 
present  in  tbe  Lake  Superior  region  to  illus- 
trate this.  Tbe  CliQ  mine  was  discovered  in 
1845,  and  worked  three  years  without  much 
sign  of  success ;  it  changed  hands  at  the  very 
moment  when  the  vein  was  opened  which 
proved  afterwards  to  be  so  exceediofily  rich 
in  copper  and  silver,  producing  now  on  au 
average  1,500  toas  of  stam^>,  barrel,  and  miss 
copper  per  annum. 

mine  was  discovered  in 
first  three  years  gave  no 
results.  Tbe  first  large 
mass  of  native  copper  of  about  seven  tons 
was  found  in  a  pit  made  by  an  ancient  race- 
After  that  discovery  much  money  was  spent 
before.any  further  indications  of  copper  w(  re 
found.  This  mine  yields  now  about  2,000 
tons  of  copper  per  annum. 
Tbe  same  has  been  experienced  at  tbe  Po- 


The  Minnesota 
1848,  and  for  the 
very  encouraging 


wabic  Mine.  That  mine  commeDced  opera- 
tions in  tbe  year  1855,  with  an  expeiditure  of 
$26,857,  which  produced  $1,080  worth  of 
copper ;  the  second  year  it  expiended  $40,820, 
nnd  fToducei  $31,492  of  copper;  in  1857 
$54,484  of  expenses  produced  $44,058  worth 
of  copper ;  in  1858,  the  am^ant  expended  was 
$109,152,  aud  tbe  receipts  for  copper  $76,538. 

The  Pewabic  will  undoubtedly  take  its 
place  among  the  dividend-payiog  mines  of  the 
present  year. 

It  is  ecaicely  twelve  years  that  mining  has 
been  properly  commenced  in  that  remote  re- 
gion. At  that  time  it  was  difficult,  on  ao- 
com  t  of  the  Bapids  of  St.  Mary's  Biver,  to 
approach  it  by  water  with  large  craft.  Being 
more  than  a  thousand  miles  distant  from  the 
centre  of  the  Union,  destitute  of  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  development  of  mines  ; 
every  tool,  every  part  of  machinery,  every 
mouthf  nl  of  provisions  had  to  be  hauled  over 
the  rapids,  boated  along  tbe  shores  for  hun- 
dreds of  miles  to  tbe  copper  region,  and  there 
often'carried  on  the  back  of  man  and  beast  to 
tbe  place  where  copper  was  supposed  to  exist. 
Every  stroke  of  the  pick  cost  tenfold  more 
than  in  populated  districts;  every  disaster 
delayed  the  operations  for  weeks  and  months. 

The  openina  of  the  Saolt  Canal  bas  changed 
all  this  and  added  a  wonderful  impetus  to  the 
business,tbe  mining  interests,  and  the  develop- 
ment of  tbe  Lake  Superior  country.  Nearly 
one  hundred  diffdrent  vessels,  stea'n  and  sail, 
have  been  engaged  the  past  season  in  its 
trade,  ard  tbe  number  of  Jhese  is  destined 
largely  to  increase  year  by  year,  an  indication 
of  tbe  growth  of  business  and  the  opening  up 
of  the  C3untry.  For  the  growth  in  tbe  cop- 
per interest  we  have  only  lo  refer  to  the  ship- 
ments from  that  region  year  by  year.  These, 
in  gross,  are  as  follows : 

1853  2,535t0M. 

1851 :":::.: 3.600  ;; 

1856     ... 4,614     ' 

,836 ...  5357    " 

1858 6,0»    •* 

1859 ■6|4»    .. 

la^iO B.oai 

1861.'ejf •••• 8.4U8 

The  sams  f.ict3  of  developmaat  would  hold 
generally  true  with  regard  to  the  oiber  indus- 
trial interests  of  that  vast  country. 

Marquette,  Portage  Lake,  Ontonagon,  Cop- 
per Harbor,  Eagle  River,  and  Eagle  Harbor, 
ard  the  mines  adjacent,  are  almost  the  only 
places  where  the  prim?val  forests  have  been 
cleared  to  afford  a  field  lor  tie  enterprise  of 
man.  Judging  from  the  events  of  the  past 
ten  years,  it  is  im  )ossible  to  conjacture  what 
tbe  conntry  may  become  in  the  future.  It  is 
already  ascertained  beyond  cavil  thU  it  pos- 
sesses agricultural  capacl  ies  of  no  msan 
cbaracter,  contrary  to  the  generally  received 
opinion  that  obtained  until  comparatively  a 
recent  date,  an  opinion  that  was  assented  to 


■4 


:i}. 


28 


''m 


without  doe  inquiry  into  the  real  state  of  the 
case.  Id  a  good  share  of  the  country,  inolud- 
log  many  localities  contiguous  to  the  mines, 
fttrming  can  be  profitably  conducted.  Witbin 
the  last  two  or  three  years  sereral  settlements 
of  farmers  have  been  formed  a  few  miles 
south  of  Marquette,  whose  ]success  has  ex- 
ceeded their  anticipations.  Here  there  is  a 
large  tract  of  very  desirable  country,  the  soil 
being  a  rich  loam,  the  timber  mostly  good 
sized  maple,  the  (face  |of  the  land  compara- 
tively even,[with  springs  of  the  best  water  on 
almost  eveiy  quarter  section.  The  land  is  for 
the  most  pa^  subject  to  private  entry,  or  pre- 
emption. When  we  bear  in  mind  the  import- 
ant coneideratioD  that  there  is  close  at  hand  a 
market  at  high  prices  for  alll  thnt  can  be 
grown,  the  inducements  to  settl.rs  certainly 
assume  a  peculiarly  inviting  character.  The 
locality  we  have  described  is  not  an  excep- 
tional case ;  there  is  a  very  extensive  region 
south  of  the  mines,  possessing,  an^  ex- 
uberant soil,  and  every  requisite  for  success- 
ful farming.  All  that  is  wanted  is  good  roads, 
which  we  doubt  not  our  Legialature  will  make 
provision  for  at  no  far  distant  day. 

The  Copper  region  is  divided  into  three 
Districts,  viz. :  the  Ontonagon,  the  most  north  • 
em,  the  Keweenaw  Point,  the  most  eastern, 
and  the  Portage  Lake,  lying  mostly  below  and 
partially  between  the  range  of  the  two.  In 
the  first  are  situated  the  Minnesota,  the  Bock- 
land,  the  National,  and  a  multitude  of  other 
mines,  of  lesser  note,  profit  or  promise.  In 
the  second  are  the  Cliff,  the  Copper  Falls,  and 
others.  In  the  last  are  the  Pewabic,  Quincy, 
Isle  Bdyale,  Portage.  Franklin  and  numerous 
others.  Each  district  has  some  peculiarities 
of  product,  the  first  developing  more  masses, 
while  the  latter  are  more  prolific  in  vein-rock, 
the  copper  being  scattered  thrcughout  the 
rock. 

There  have  been  since  - 1846  no  less  than 
about  120  Copper  Mining  Gcmpanies  organ- 
ized under  the  general  Law  of  our  State. — 
The  amount  of  capital  invested  and  now  in 
use,  or  which  has  been  paid  out  in  explora- 
tions and  improvements,  and  lost,  is  estimated 
by  good  judges  at  $6,000,000.  The  nominal 
amount  of  capital  stock  invested  in  all  the 
companies  which  have  charters  would  reach 
an  indefinite  numl>er  of  millions.  As  an  ofi*- 
set  to  this  it  may  be  stated  that  the  Cliff  and 
Minnesota  mines  have  returned  over  $2,000,- 
000  in  dividends  from  the  besinniog  of  their 
operations,  and  the  valne  of  these  two  mines 
will  more  than  cover  the  whole  amount  spent 
in  mining,  and  for  all  the  extravagant  under- 
takings which  have  been  entered  upon  and 
abandoned.  While  success  has  been  the  ex- 
ception and  failure  the  rule  in  copper  specu- 
lations, yet  it  must  be  admitted  that  these  ex- 
ceptions are  remarkably  tempting  ones. — 


Doubtless  there  is  immense  wealth  still  to  be 
developed  in  these  enterprises,  and  Uiis  ele- 
ment of  wealth  in  the  Lake  Superior  region  is 
yet  to  assume  a  magnitude  now  untbought^of. 

Until  last  year,  the  copper  was  all  smelted 
in  this  city,  Cleveland,  Pittsburgh  and  Boston, 
the  Detroit  works  bein/  the  largest.  Last 
year  the  works  at  Portage,  the  enterprise  of  a 
Boston  Company,  were  completed. 

Early  in  the  spring,  the  demand  for  copper 
being  lighter  than  usnal,  the  mines  unfortu- 
nately reduced  their  force.  Bubsequestly  the 
demand  greatly  improved,  and  under  a  light 
supply  the  market  for  inget  advanced  firom 
17|c.  in  April,  to  231c.  by  the  middle  of  De* 
comber.  It  is  quite  possible,  however,  that 
if  the  supply  had  not  become  diminished,  the 
advance  would  not  have  been  so  material. 

The  amount  of  copper  received  and  smelted 
at  the  Detroit  Smelting  Works  last  season 
was  exactly  4,200  tons.  We  believe  the 
amount  respectively  from  each  district  was  as 
follows : 


OntonaRon,  tona. 
Portage  Lue,  tons. 


2,B6. 
1.674. 


Total.    ........     4,300 

The  copper  frem  the  following  mines  is 
smelted  in  Detroit:  Ontonagon  District — 
Minesota,  Bockland,  Superior,  Nebraska, 
Enbwlton,  Evergreen  Bluff,  and,  we  believe, 
the  Bohemian  and  Bidge.  Portage  District — 
Quincy.  Keweenaw  Point— OeDtral,Phoenix,^ 
and  possibly  one  or  two  more. 

Last  season  2,600  tons  of  copper  ore  from 
the  Wellington  Mines,  Lake  Huron,  was  re- 
ceived here  and  forwarded  to  London,  Eng- 
land, to  be  smelted  there. 

The  Iron  Intereat  of  BUoblsaUt 

Our  State  is  gradually  but  surely  taking 
the  rank  to  which  she  is  entitled  as  regards 
both  the  manufacture  and  production  of  iron. 
The  first  shipment  of  pig  iron  of  any  conse- 
quence was  made  by  the  "Pioneer  Iron  Com- 
pany," in  the  fall  of  1868.  Dr.  Bnssell,  of 
tbis  city,  whose  works  went  into  operation 
about  four  years  and  a  half  ago,  has  steadily 
turned  out  large  qnantities. 

Ihe  Lake  Superior  iron  has  been  pro- 
claimed the  best  in  the  world,  a  proposition 
that  none  can  successfully  refute.  lis  quali- 
ties are  becoming  known  in  quarters  where  it 
would  naturally  be  expected  its  superiority 
woHld  be  admitted  reluctantly,  if  at  all.  It 
is  now  sent  to  New  York  and  Ohio,  and  even 
to  Pennsylvania — an  agency  for  its  sale  hav- 
ing been  established  in  Pittsburg.  For  gear- 
ing, shafting,  cranks,  flanges,  and,  we  ought 
by  all  means  to  add,  car- wheels,  no  other 
should  be  used,  provided  it;  can  be  obtained. 
Important  as  the  subject  is  money-wise,  when 
life  is  at  stake,  the  former  consideration 
shrinks  into  c>  mpartive  insignificance.  The 
cause  of  the  breaking  of  the  machinery  of  the 


i 

I  traced 

I  have  bi 

'i  been 


29 


h  still  to  be 
Dd  this  ele- 
lor  region  Is 
itbonglit^of. 
all  smelted 
and  Boston, 
rgest.  Last 
terpriaeof  a 

• 

I  for  copper 
les  nnfortn* 
squeatly  the 
Oder  a  light 
anced  from 
:ddle  of  De« 
)wever,  that 
finished,  the 
material, 
and  smelted 
last  season 
believe  the 
itrict  was  as 

-       2.IS6. 
■   1.6/4. 

•      4,200 

ig  mines  is 
t  District- 
Nebraska, 
we  believe, 
;e  District  — 
iraljPhoeniz,^ 

)er  ore  from    i 
ron,  was  re- 
Dndon,  £ng- 

irely  taking 
1  as  regards 
tioB  of  iron, 
f  any  conse- 
r  Iron  Gom- 
Rassell,  of 
0  operation 
)as  steadily 

been  pr«- 
proposition 

Its  quali- 
prs  where  it 
superiority 

at  all.  It 
0,  and  even 
ts  sale  hav- 

For  gear- 
,  we  oaght 
Is,  no  other 
>e  obtained, 
wise,  when 
insideration 
ance.  The 
inery  of  the 


steamers  plying  upon  oar  neighboring  waters, 
has  been  in  nearly  or  qnlte  every  instance 
traced  to  some  defect  in  the  iron,  and  would 
have  been  avoided  if  Lake  Sapetior  iron  had 
been  used. 

Messrs.  C.  Kellogg  &  Co.,  of  this  city,  have 
recently  turned  out  a  cinnen  for  the  United 
States  from  this  iron.  They  prououoce  it  the 
best  material  in  the  world  for  this  purpose, 
which  opinion  th-'y  maintain  by  an  array  of 
incontestible  facts, 

A  large  amount  of  capital  is  invested  in 
the  Iron  interest  in  Michigan,  as  the  foUow- 
'   iDg  figures  prove : 

OompanieB.  Oapital, 

Pioneer I160.0UU 

Jaokson 800,(tOO 

OolllDB 150,000 

Cleveland 8Oti.00O 

Lake  Superior  &  Iron  Mountain  B.  R.  Oo  700,orO 

Northern  Michlaan  Iron  Oo 110,000 

Wyandotte  Rolling  MUl3 236,000 

SurekalronOo 117,600 

Dr.  e.  B  RosBell  *  Go's 60,000 

Detroit  and  Lake  Sup.  Iron  Manufao.  Co,    90,000 
Vord  k  PMlbrlck'8  Steam  Forge 26.000 

«2.:!38,00e 
Marquette  is  the  only  point  on  Lake  Su- 
perior where  the  iron  ore  deposits  have  been 
worked.    There  are  deposits  of  iron  in  the 
mountains  back  of  L'Anse,  but  this  wonderful 
region  leaves  nothing  more  to  be  desired  for 
the  present.    At  a  distance  of  eighteen  miles 
from  the  lake,  aie  to  be  found  iron  mountains 
named   the   Sharon,  Burt,  Lake  Superior, 
Cleveland,  Collins  and  Barlow,  while  eight 
miles  further  back  lie  the  Ely  and  St.  Clair 
mountains.    Three  of  these  mountains  are  at 
present  worked,  the  Sharon,  the  Cleveland, 
and  the  Lake  Superior,  and  certain  enough 
ore  to  supply  the  world  for  generations  to 
come.    The  mountains  further  back  embrace 
tracts  of  buQdreds  of  acres  rising  to  a  height 
of  from  four  to  six  hundred  feet,  which  there 
is  every  reason  to  believe,  from  the  explora- 
tions made,  are  solid  iron  ore.    The  extent  of 
the  deposits  is  perfectly  fabulous,  in  fact,  so 
enormous  as  to  baAla  computation.    The  ore, 
too,    is    remarkably    rich,   yielding   about 
seventy  per  cent,  of  pure  metal.    There  are 
now  in  operation  at  Marquette  three  Iron 
I  Mining  Companies  and  two  blast  furnaces  for 


making  charcoal  pig  iron,  the  pioneer  and 
Collins.  The  Pioneer  has  two  stacks  and  a 
capacity  of  twenty  tons  pig  iron  per  day ;  the 
OollisB  one  i^ack,  capable  of  turningj  out 
about  eleven  tons.  The  Northern  Iron  Com- 
pany has  recentl  built  a  large  bituminous 
coal  furnace  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chocolate 
River,  three  miles  south  of  Marquette, 

Each  of  the  mining  companies,  the  Jack< 
son,  Cleveland,  and  Lake  Superior,  have 
docks  at  the  harbor  for  shipment,  extending 
out  into  the  spacious  and  beautiful  bay  which 
lies  in  front  ol  Marquette  to  a  sufficient 
length  to  enable  vessels  of  the  largest  dimen- 


sions to  lie  by  their  side  and  to  be  loaded  di« 
dectly  from  the  cars,  which  are  run  over  the 
ve&sels  and  "  dumped "  into  shutes,  which 
are  made  lo  empty  directly  into  the  holds.— 
The  process  of  loading  is  therefore  very  ex- 
peditious and  easy. 

The  quality  of  the  iron  of  Lake  Superior 
is  conceded  by  all  to  be  the  best  in  the  world, 
as  the  analysis  of  Prof.  Johnston,  which  we 
reproduce,  shows.  The  table  shows  the  rela- 
tive strength  per  square  inch  in  pounds : 

Salisbury.  Conn.,  iron 58,000 

Swedish  (bes') 58.184 

Eniliih  cable 5!t,10t 

Centre  county,  fa b9.4U0 

Ess  X  county.  N.  Y 69  962 

Lancaster  county.  Pa 5s  661 

RuHla  (best) 76069 

Common  EngUsi  and  American 80,000 

Lake  Superior 89,582 

The  manufacture  of  pig  iron  at  Marquette 
will  p'  obably  be  carried  on  even  more  exten- 
sively as  the  attention  of  capitalists  is  direct- 
ed to  it  The  following  may  be  considered  a 
fair  statement  of  the  cost  of  producing  one 
ton  of  pig  iron  at  the  Pioneer  Iron  Co.'s 
works: 

l>i  tons  iron  ore,  at  $150  per  ton ,...#350 

125  bushels  charcoal  at  l  cents  per  bushel. . .  8  7a 

Kluxlig „6Jj 

Labor 250 

Incidental  expenses 100 

Oostatt^e  works 15  00 

Freight  on  B.  R.  and  dockage 137 

Cost  on  board  vessel #16  36 

The  quantity  of  wood  required  for  charcoal 
for  both  furnaces,  is  immense.    The  Pioneer 
furnace  requires  2,600  bushels  of  coal  In 
twenty-four  hours ;  and  in  blast  as  they  are, 
day  and  night,  for  six  montlis,  and  at  a  yield 
of  forty  bushels  of  coal  to  a  cnrd  of  wood,  it 
would  require  15,000  cords  of  wood  to  keep 
them  going.    The  company  has  had  120,000 
cords  chopped  this  season.    This  vast  con- 
sumption of  wooi  will  soon  cause  the  country 
to  he  completely  stripped  nf  its  timbar.  Coal 
will  then  come  into  use.    The  business  of 
manufacturing  pig  iron  may  be  extended  in« 
definitely,  as  the  material  is  without  limit. 
These  facts  exhibit  tbe  untold  weaUh  of 
Michigan  in  Iron  alone,  and  point  with  cer- 
tainty to  an  extent  of  business  that  will  add 
millions  to  our  invested  capital,  dot  our  State 
with  iron  manufactories  of  ail  kinds,  and  fur- 
nish regular  employment  to  tensof  tiiouaanda 
of  our  citizens,  while  our  raw  material  and 
our  wares  stiall  be  found  in  all  the  principal 
markets  of  the  world. 

But  few  interests  have  suffered  this  year  m 
an  equal  degree  with  that  of  iron.  The  ship- 
ments of  ore,  which  had  rapidly  increased  to 
120,000  tons  in  1860,  feil  off  this  season  to 
abaut  30,000  tons.  The  establishments  on 
Lake  Superior  wdathered  this  great  and  un- 
looked  for  depression,  anJ  have  kept  at 
work,  though  on  a  somewhat  reduced  scale. 
At  a  rough  guess  there  is  at  present  25,000 


l! 


8Q 


tons  on  the  docks.  At  Maiqaette,  miDing 
has  been  prosecuted  only  to  a  very  limited 
extent,  the  ore  beJng  Just  as  well  In  its  na- 
tive bed  as  oct  of  it,  as  matters  stood. 

In  sympathy  with  the  general  upward  ten- 
dency in  other  inti  rests,  iron  has  recently 
shown  a  decidtd  improvement,  having  come 
up  within  the  past  t\x  or  seven  weeks  from 
|26  to  fSO  per  ton,  with  a  strong  demand  fcr 
domestic  conanrnption.  The  prospect,  from 
present  indications,  is  certainly  good  for  the 
ensuing  year. 

It  is  a  burning  sbamo  to  Detroit  that  thou- 
sands and  thousands  ef  tons  of  iron  oie 
should  every  year  pass  by  our  city,  with  the 
unrivaled  maaufactuiina  advantages  we  pos- 
sess, (cot  those  we  "  er  joy.")  A  large  pro- 
portion  of  this  ore  is  taken  to  Pittsburgh, 
and  up  the  Mahening  valley,  and  some  of  it 
carted  into  the  country,  where  it  is  smelted, 
and  in  due  time  is  landed  here  by  the  steam- 
ers Ocean  .»nd  May  Queen  in  tho  shape  of 
manufactured  iroc.  Detroit  ousbt  to  manu- 
facture all  the  iron  and  rails  for  tho  entir« 
West. 

The  following  are  the  present  current  rates 
of  pig  iron  in  the  Detroit  marke  : 


Lake  Faoeiior, 
ficoic*'  pir, 
Mass'lloD.    - 
HanglEg  Rrck, 


23 


ShlpbulltlluK  in  Detroit. 

This  important  business  is  very  brisk  in  our  city 
at  present,  and  our  shipyards  preseat  an  animated 
appearance,  great  numbers  of  hands  being  at  full 
work  in  them.  In  Campbell  &  Owen's  yard,  two 
schooners  have  been  built,  one  of  4(JU  and  the 
other  of  300  tons  burden ;  also  tw®  steam- tugs. 
This  is  all  the  new  work  which  has  been  done  by 
this  firm,  but  the  repairing  of  steanibouts  and  sail- 
vessels  has  been  carried  on  very  extensively  by  them 
this  year,  60  hands  be'ng  employed  during  the 
summer.  At  present  there  are  85  bacds  in  full 
employment  in  their  shipyard.  The  timber  uped 
is  nearly  all  the  growth  of  Michigan,  the  hulls 
being  of  white  oak.  and  the  decks  and  cabins,  <&c  , 
of  pine.  1  he  Michigan  white  ouk  is  very  valuable 
for  ship  building,  and  is  considered  by  competent 
judges  to  be  as  lasting  as  the  Southern  Live 
Oak,  which  is  used  in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  and  is  pro- 
cured at  an  enormous  expense.  In  addition  to  the 
schooners  being  built  by  Campbell  &  Owen,  Bos- 
ton &  DuDStall  are  building  one  of  2b0  tons,  Mr 
Jones  a  d  Mr.  Clark  one  each,  of  400  tons  re 
spectively.  We  have  been  informed  that  other 
vessels  will  be  put  on  the  stocks  in  spring,  as  the 
Lake  Marine  was  not  found  equal  to  the  carriage 
of  the  immense  freights  of  minerals,  lumber  and 
grain,  which  were  offered  for  transportation  during 
the  past  season.  Detroit  has  many  facilities  for 
shipbuilding  which  are  cot  to  be  found  in  other 
cities,  for  in  addition  to  the  excellent  timber  pro- 
duced in  the  vicinity,  the  extensive  forges  and 
foundries  in  the  city  are  capable  ot  furnishing  iron 
work  and  machinery  of  the  best  kind,  if  the 
docks  of  the  Welland  Canal  were  larger,  vessels  of 
much  greater  size  than  those  at  present  used  would 


be  built  for  the  Lake  and  Ocean  trade.  Tho 
present  complication  with  England  points  out  the 
necessity  of  a  ship  oanal  at  Niagara. 

The  Wyandotte  RollluR  Mill  Go. 

This  company  hns  made,  during  the  year, 
6,000  tons  T  rail,  2,200  tons  merchant  Iron, 
300  tons  boiler  plate,  300  tons  spikes  and  riv- 
its,  76  chains,  also  a  largo  cumber  of  shafts 
and  cranks  for  steamers  and  propellers. 

They  have  used,  daring  the  year,  13,000 
tons  of  coal,  and  have  paid  the  hand3  em- 
ploj  ed  in  the  n'ills,  for  labor,  $75,000. 

The  works  now  include  a  rail  mill,  mer-  • 
chant  mill,  boiler  mill,  a  spike  machine,  for 
making  all  s'zos  of  railroad  aud  ship  spikes, 
and  rivit  machines  f  jr  making  boiler  rivits, 
Also,  two  hammers,  ene  (the  largest  in  tie 
West)  for  making  htiHftB,  cranks,  &c.,  nnd 
welding  the  boil.r  plate,  and  a  smaller  one 
for  axles. 

Chain  has  been  manu'actureii  by  band  for 
the  laf t  two  years,  but  the  demand  has  in- 
creased io  rapidly  that  the  company  have 
been  forced  to  purchase  an  improved  ma- 
chine, and  in  the  course  of  a  month  will  be 
able  to  turn  out  a  sufficient  quantity  of  chain 
to  supply  the  market  at  lower  rates. 

steam  Forget 

The  extensive  steam  forge  of  Ford  &  Philbrick 
is  located  on  the  river  side,  above  the  Mariu 
Hospital,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Qanson'j 
Stove  Factory  and  the  Iron  Smelting  Works.  Ihijf 
forge  contains  two  steam  hamirers  nnd  one  sta- 
tionary engine.  The  largest  hammer  weighs  2  5Ci. 
Ib9.,  and  will  forge  a  shaft  20  inches  in  diameter; 
the  small  hammer  weighs  1,000  lbs.,  and  is  prin- 
cipally  used  for  Torging  railroad  car-i  xles  anj 
small  shipwork,  locomotive  frames,  piston  andcoD' 
necting  rods,  &c.  Shafting  of  every  length  an] 
size,  and  all  kinds  of  hammered  shapes  are  mad(> 
in  th  se  works.  Lake  Superior  iron  and  a  mixtun 
of  scrap  iron  are  used  in  this  forge.  This  is  oneofi 
the  most  complete  establishments  of  the  kind  oc 
the  Lakes,  and  it  is  alike  creditable  to  its  enter 
prising  proprietors  and  to  the  city  of  Detroit 
During  the  past  year  it  has  been  principally  em 
ployed  on  ship-work. 

^.Eureka  Iron  Co* 

This  company,  have  made,  during  the  lailj 
year,  2,262  tons  cf  pig  iron,  82  tons  of  cast 
iugs,  and  ^orly  tons  of  salt  kettles.  Went  cm 
of  blast  the  middle  of  September.  They  are 
DOW  putting  a  cupola  f aiua'.  e  in  conneclio: 
with  iheir  works  for  the  purpose  of  manufaC' 
turing  salt  kettles,  a  new  branch  of  busines 
g  owing  out  of  the  di&covery  of  salt  at  Sa« 
inaw. 

Vlncffart 

One  would  scarcelv  believe  how  large  an  amoui 
•f  vinegar  can  be  made  and  sold  in  a  place  of  an; 
considerable  size.  The  number  of  barrels  of  vii 
egar  sold  in  this  market,  cannot  be  less  than  fin 
thousand,  most  of  which  is  made  in  the  citj 
city.    It  is  also  made  in  many  other  places  in  thi 


T 


31 


trade.     Tho 
points  out  the 

Mill  Co. 

)g  the  year, 
rcbant  iron, 
ikes  and  riv- 
ter  of  ebafts 
pellers. 
year,  18,000 
!  hando  em- 
5,000. 

3iil  mill,  mer* 
machine,  for 

ship  spikes, 
boiler  rivita, 
irgeet  in  the 
IS,  &c.,  fliid 

smaller  cue 

by  band  fori 
land  has  iu 
ouuany  have 
iiproved  ma^ 
)ODth  will  be 
nlity  of  chaini 
ates. 


)rd  &  Pbilbticlil 
ve  the  MariDel 
ty  of  Ganson'j 
ng  Works.  lh\ii\ 
I  KDd'one  Eta- 
er  weighs  21 
es  in  diameter; 
)8.,  and  is  priD', 
car-rxles  anji 
piston  and  cool 
ery  length  anil 
hapes  are  madti 
1  and  a  mixturti 
This  is  oueoii 
of  the  liind  oi| 
»le  to  its  enteF'^ 
ity  of  Detroiil 
winoipally  em 


iariDg  the  lasi^ 
1  tons  of  ca£i| 
,les.  Went  0!!| 
)er.  They  ait? 
in  coLnectio:; 
ae  of  manafaC' 
i:b  of  basinei! 
f  salt  at  Si-i'i 


large  an  amouti 
a  place  of  ani 
*  barrels  of  viiil 
be  less  than  fivq 
de  in  the  citjl 
er  places  in  thf 


Btate  There  is,  however,  a  small  portion  brought 
from  Oinoinnati,  Plttsbargh,  Cleveland,  and  other 
places,  and  a  smaller  portion  branded  as  having 
oome  from  abroad,  which  is  really  manufactured 
here. 

Vinegar  is  a  cheap  luxury— tor  with  miny  it  is 
a  luxury — as  many  kinds  of  moats  andvege  ta- 
bles, Oysters  and  Lobdters  receive  much  of  their 
delicacy  of  flavor  from  its  use. 

It  is  generally  believed  that  the  best  vinegar 
may  be  made  from  wme,  but  the  great  scarcity  of 
wine  in  this  country  prevents  its  use  almost  en- 
tirely for  that  purpose,  But  in  many  parts  of 
the  United  States,  cider  being  plenty,  has  been 
used  as  a  substitute  to  a  great  extent,  and 
although  it  does  not  make  as  strong  vinegar  as 
wine,  it  has  been  found  to  possess  nearly  all  the 
properties  for  pickling,  both  for  vegetables  and 
meats.  It  is,  no  doubt,  po'isible  to  take  too  much 
vinegar  or  other  acids  into  the  stomach,  yet  with 
most  robust  constitutions,  vinegar  conduces  to 
health,  and  assists  digestion,  and  tho  cases  are 
rare,  where  any  bad  effects  are  felt  at  taking  too 
muon.  In  those  countries  where  grapes  are 
abundant,  and  wine  is  made  largely,  it  is  not  sur- 
prising that  vinegar  should  be  abundant  and  very 
excellent;  and  with  our  large  apple  crop,  although 
we  do  not  make  aa  Jine  vinegar,  we  are  enabled  to 
manufacture  it  in  unlimited  quantities. 

Manufacturing  does  not  necessarily  involve  the 
use  of  any  poisonous  mixture.*  Any  procass  which 
will  expose  every  drop  of  saccharine  or  farinaoious 
matter  to  a  warmer  atmosphere,  will  greatly  add 
to  its  strength  in  any  given  time,  and  the  longer 
it  stands  the  stronger  it  becomes,  having  gathered 
a  great  portion  of  its  acid  from  the  atmosphere 
alone.  A  failure  to  make  good  vinegar,  like 
a  failure  to  make  good  bread,  may  be  produced 
from  a  great  variety  of  causas  There  may  be 
too  much  or  too  little  sacsharino  or  farinaceous 
matter,  an  undue  proportion  of  heat  or  cold,in 
fact  experience  will  be  found  necessary  to  succeed 
certainly  In  making  vinegar  in  any  very  short 
length  of  time.  Many  families  are  surprised  after 
putting  a  barrel  of  good  cider  in  the  cellar  in  the 
fall,  that  the  next  summer  it  is  not  good  vinegar ; 
and  their  surprise  is  greatly  increased  when  after 
a  year,  andsometiLces  alter  two  and  even  three 
years,  it  is  still  found  to  lack  that  flavor  good  vin- 
egar should  possess.  But  if  at  first  it  had  been 
reduced  one  half  or  more  with  water,  and  subject- 
ed to  some  process  rf  filtration  or  exposure  to  the 
atmosphere,  it  would  in  a  few  weeks  or  months 
have  become  an  excelient  vinegar. 

Although  in  this  country  good  vinegar  is  always 
afforded  at  a  low  price,  yet  maoy  attempts  have 
been  and  are  daily  made  to  make  it  by  some  still 
cheaper  process,  the  result  of  which  is  the  intro- 
duction of  essential  oils,  fiulphuric  or  other  min- 
eral acids,  and  the  production  becomes  a  filthy, 
poisonous  mixture,  which,  although  it  resembles  a 
good  vinegar,  has  not  the  wholesome  curing  prop- 
erties, and.  differs  as  far  from  that  fine,  rich, 
pleasant  flavor,  as  good  old  French  brandy  differs 
from  a  miserably  drugged  American  sab|titute. 

Gypsum* 

Among  the  rich  mineral  productions  of  Miohi- 
KOn,  Qypsum  holds  an  important  position,  as  the 


feitllity  of  the  soil,  and  tho  suooess  of  various 
crops  depend  more  or  less  on  the  application  of  the 
manure.  The  extensive  beds  at  Grand  Rapida 
were  discovered  about  sixteen  years  ago,  and  a 
mill  for  grinding  the  plaster,  was  almost  immedi- 
ately erected,  but  up  to  1856,  the  quantity  ol  this 
product  disposed  of,  was  not  very  considerable,  aa 
the  means  of  conveyance  into  the  interior  of  the 
State  was  not  adapted  for  the  oarriaire  of  suoh 
heavy  freight.  In  1856  the"Emmett"mill  was  built 
and  ip  1867  the  "ifagle"  mill  was  erected  and  put 
into  operation,  and  the  manufacture  of  plaster 
may  be  said  to  have  commenced  on  a  large  scale, 
censiderable  quantities  being  sent,  not  only  into 
various  parts  of  Mi  >higan,  but  also  into  Wisconsin, 
Illinois,  Indiana,  &o.  In  1860  all  the  Companies 
owning  the  plaster  mills  at  Grand  Rapids  fused 
into  one  jooint  stock  Association,  with  a  capital  of 
$500,000. 

The  stratum  of  gypsum  at  Grand  Rapids  is 
about  thirteen  feet  in  thickness,  and  extends  over 
nearly  700  acres,  offering  an  almost  inexhaustible 
supply  of  this  valuable  mineral.    When  taken 
from  the  mine  it  is  generally  piled  up  in  large 
blocks  and  suffered  to  remain  for  several  months 
exposed  to  the  atmosphere,  that  some  portion  of 
Ihe  water  which  it  contains  may  be  carried  away 
by  evaporation.    When  tbkcn  to  the  mi>l  the  large 
lumps  are  broken  with  heavy  hammers,  and  then 
the  plaster  is  passed  through  two  run  of  stone,  the 
first  of  which  crushes  it  into  small  pieces,  and  the 
last  reduces  it  to  powder.    There  is  but  one  plas- 
ter mill  in  Detroit  and  this  is  exclusively  em- 
ployed in  grinding  Ohio  plaster,  2,500  tons  of 
wh.ch  is  generally  manufactured  in  the  season, 
also  1,0C0  tons  of  calcined  plaster.    All  of  this  is 
sold  to  parties  in  this  State,  principally  on  the  line 
of  tho  Miohigon  Central  K.  R.    Ohio  plaster  is 
manufactured  in  Detroit  in  preference  to  that  of 
Grand  Rapids,  because  on  account  of  the  water 
carriage,  the  former  can  be  laid  down  at  the  mill 
at  a  lower  rate  than  the  latter.    The  railroads  of 
Michigan  have  adopted  a  reduced  Tariff  for  the 
carriage  of  plaster  in  order  to  bring  it  within  the 
reach  of  the  farmers  in  the  principal  agricultural 
districts  of  the  State.     The  good  results  of  this  ar- 
rangement are  already  apparent  in  the  vast  in- 
crease of  freight  on  the'  various  lines  alluded  to. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  but  the  large  quantity  of 
plaster  applied  to  the  crops  has  increased  the  acre- 
able  produce  of  the  soil  wonderfully,  and  taxed  the 
abilities  of  the  managers  of  tho  railroads  to  find 
conveyance?  sufficient  to  move  it.    According  as 
the  interior  of  the  State  becomes  opened  by  rail- 
roads and  plank  roads,  &o.,  the  consumption  of 
plast  r  and  the  produce  of  the  soil  will  be  increased 
in  a  very  great  degree. 

The  advantage  of  gypsum  over  other  lime  ma- 
nure is  that  it  is  more  easily  disso've(il  and  made 
fit  to  enter  with  the  substance  of  plants,  and  that 
it  only  requires  pounding  before  application  to  the 
soil,  and  does  not  require  burning  like  other  lime. 
In  one  hundred  parts  of  uncalcined  plaster  or  gyp- 
sum, there  are  generally  of 

Sulphuric  acid 48  parts. 

Lime 32    " 

Water '20    '* 

It  has  been  decided  by  frequent  experimen 
that  the  drier  the  soil,  the  more  adapted  it  is  for 
gypsum,  and  that  it  is  totally  unfit  for  wet,  un- 


%. 


82 


dnintd  land,  and  !■  most  Mrrioeable  on  aoUj 
which  an  deficient  in  Bnlphate  of  lime.  At  gyjr- 
•am  is  aoluble,  it  should  not  l>e  applied  to  the 
aoil  in  wet  weather,  l(vt  it  be  washed  away  tco 
looii,  nor  in  great  drought,  as  it  cannot  then  be 
dissolved  and  taken  up  by  the  roots  of  plants.  It 
should  be  applied  at  a  time  when  the  soil  is  neither 
too  wet  nor  too  dry,  and  in  calm  weather. 

Tne  plaster  interests  of  the  Grand  Hirer  Valley 
were  consolidated  last  year,  under  very  favorable 
aospioes.  Mr.  Fisher,  Sen.,  the  head  of  t'he  old 
and  wealthy  Ba«t  India  Uouso  of  Fisher  A  Co., 
Boston,  was  elected  President,  Charles  11.  Stewart, 
f  New  York,  Vice  President,  James  W.  Converse, 
of  Boston,  President  of  the  Mechanic's  Bank  of 
Boston,  was  appointed  Secretary,  and  William 
Hovey,  Esq.,  of  Qrand  Rapids,  Treasurer.  In 
hands  such  aa;the80  there  can  scarcely  be  a  doubt 
birt  the  plaster  interests  of  Grand  Rapids  will 
prosper,  and  in  the  course  of  time  be  fully  devel- 
oped. 

The  shipment  sales  of  the  Company  for  the  year 
ending  Dec.  1,  1861,  have  been  as  follows : 

CtJOO  tons  Rround  Land  Plaster. 
'A300  barrel!  ground  Lud  i'laster, 
1,250  tons  Plaster  Rock. 
4,700  barrels  Calcined  Plaster. 

There  were  on  hand  at  that  date  7,000  tons  of 
Plaster  Rock.  The  sales  for  the  year  have  been 
lighter  than  osnal.  The  Eagle  Mill,  owned  by 
Hovey  &  Co.,  has  done  one  third  more  business 
some  previous  years,  than  the  three  mills  com- 
bined did  the  last.  This  falling  off  was  occasioned 
by  various  oar^ses,  and  in  ail  probability  will  bo 
only  temporary,  From  the  facilities  afforded  by 
Railroad  Companies  last  year,  laige  quantities  of 
this  valuable  manure  were  distributed  through 
Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Indiana,  and  Illinois,  and  a 
good  many  of  the  dealers  in  the  article  laid  in 
stocks  which  are  not  yet  exhansted.  The  good 
results  which  have  followed  in  almost  every  in- 
stance where  the  manure  has  been  applied  to  the 
crsps  during  the  past  year,  will  no  doubt  induce 
farmers  to  make  use  of  it  extensively  in  1862. 

The  Eagle  Mill  does  the  majority  of  the  ship- 
ping business.  The  old  mill  supplies  the  local 
trade,  which  is  principally  carried  on  with  teams. 
The  facilties  for  minmg  and  manufacturing  are 
now  such  that  the  business  could  be  increased  to 
an  almost  unlimited  extent.  The  mines  are  al- 
most inexhaustible,  aad  facilities  for  transporta- 
tion are  all  that  are  required.  Such  cannot  be  ob- 
tained until  the  Grand  Rapids  and  Indiana  Bail- 
road  will  be  completed.  When  that  is  opened  the 
plaster  trade  of  Grand  Rapids  will  be  increased 
200  per  cent.  At  present  the  shipments  of  plaster 
from  Grand  Rapids  to  the  central  and  southern 
parts  of  Michigan  must  all  come  around  by  Detroit, 
which  renders  it  almost  impossible  to  compete  with 
the  Ohio  plaster,  which  is  brought  by  vessel  as 
ballaet,  and  must  be  got  rid  of,  no  matter  whether 
the  price  received  be  remunerative  or  not.  It  is 
now  generally  admitted  that  the  plast«r  of  Mich- 
igan as  a  fertilizer,  is  superior  to  that  of  any  other 
State. 

Seedit 

The  trade  in  clover  seed  last  spring  proved 
highly  Batisfact.ory,  a  fact  due  in  a  ,great 
measure   to   an  improved  demand  for    the 


Oanada  market.  In  former  smwods  the  de- 
mand for  that  trade  has  been  fair,  bat  last 
ppring  there  war  a  very  decided  improTe* 
ment,  The  great  balk  of  our  Canadian  ahip- 
mentfl  went  to  London  and  Toronto.  A  aingle 
house  shipped  over  a  thousand  bushels  to 
Loudon  within  two  weeks.  Early  in  the  sea< 
Hon  there  was  also  a  considerable  amount 
shipped  to  New  York,  but  at  a  later  period 
tuere  was  no  margin. 

Olover  was  quoted  in  February  at  $3.62<8 
$3,76,  bat  early  in  March  the  demand  was 
good  at  $3  80,  and  Mnrch  18t.b  at  $4  00(3 
$4.12.  April  16th  clover  sold  at  $3.76  from 
wagons,  and  early  in  May  there  was  a  good 
demand  at  $4  06@$112. 

Timothy  opened  in  March  at  $2,60,  with  a 
very   scanty    stock.    About  iho  middle    ? 
March  $2  76  was  paid,  but  about  the  close  of 
the  month  the  price  receded  to  $2.60. 
Garden  and  rarm  Seeds. 

There  are  two  houses  in  Detroit  engaged  ex- 
clusively in  the  sale  of  Garden  and  Farm  seeds 
by  wholesale  and  retail.  These  are  Gardner  A  Co ' 
on  Woodward  Avenue,and  Bloss  A  Co. ,  Monroe  Av- 
enue. The  former  do  a  large  business,  sending  out 
large  quantities  of  seeds  to  Canada  West,  Northern 
Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  every  part 
of  Michigan,  also  to  the  eastern  part  of  Iowa  and 
Mmnesota.  They  import  from  England  annually 
about  eight  tons  of  seeds,  prmnipaJly  turnip 
cabbage  and  flower  seeds,  at  a  cost  of  nearlv 
$5,000.  The  bulk  of  this  stock  is  raised  for  them 
by  the  most  careful  jrrowers  in  various  States 
principally  in  Connecticut,  New  y.;;'k,  Ohio  and 
Michigan.  Peas  are  generally  received  from 
Canada,  as  the  growth  of  that  province  are  gen- 
erally of  excellent  quality,  and  free  from  that  de- 
structive insect,  the  bug.  Dnring  the  past  year 
they  have  sent  out  about  4,000  boxes  of  seed 
varyingin  value  from  4)10  to  8100  each,  averaging 
about  820,  and  amounting  to  about  8B0U00. 
They  have  employed  about  25  hands  daily,  during 
the  winter,  in  putting  up  and  packing  seeds  for 
the  market,  and  four  travelling  agents  are  en- 
gaged for  four  month?  in  the  year,  in  settlmg  up 
accounts  and  sclicJting  orders.  Gardner  A  Co. 
also  do  a  fair  trade  ia  Clover  and  Grass  Seeds. 

In  filling  orders  during  the  past  season,  they 
have  used 

4.000  lbs.  Beet  seed. 
6  l!iO  los.  Kuta  BoKa  seed. 
UOOUlbs.  Onion  seed. 
2,0j0  lbs.  Carrot  seed. 
1  Oi  O  bjsb.  Garden  Peas. 
1,500  lbs  Cucumber  seed. 
l.OUJ  lbs.  Melaa  seed. 
bOO  lbs.  £«ua8h  seed. 

Bloss  A  Co.  employ  a  large  number  of  hands  in 
packing  seeds,  &o.  They  send  out  about  $45,000 
worth  annually,  but  as  they  have  not  furnished  us 
with  data,  we  cannot  give  any  particulars  con- 
nected with  their  business. 

Feei1« 

Last  summer  was  a  remarkably 'dull  season  for 

eod,  it  being  almost  an  impossibility  to  effect  sales 

of  any  consequence.     The  nominal  rates  then  for 

store  ranged  from  WSO  to  87,50  for  bran.    About 


;i 


wasowii 
control, 
been  fon 
the  Ohio 
plies  fro] 
been  8hi| 
I  on  the  fo] 
increase 
tolOO,(N 
Mr.Stin 
Conpanj 
MiMTM 


M 


I  the  de- 
bnl  iMt 
improTo* 
lian  Bbip- 
A  single 
lashels  to 
X  the  sea- 
e  amonnt 
wr  period 

t  $3.62® 
aand  was 
It  9400® 
B.76  from 
s  a  good 

50,  with  a 
middle  r 
le  close  of 
50. 

Dgaged  ex- 
'arm  seeds, 
rdnorACo., 
Monroe  Av- 
sending  out 
t.  Northern 
1  every  part 
)f  Iowa  and 
ad  annually 
illy  turnip, 
of  nearly 
led  for  them 

S0U3  States. 
:.  Ohio  ana 
eived   from 
se  are  gea- 
3m  that  de- 
te  past  year 
>zes  of  seed 
averaging 
$8C,iJCG. 
ally,  during 
ig  seeds  for 
9nt8  are  en- 
settling  up 
Iner  <fc  Co. 
a  Seeds, 
eason,  they 


It 


i 


0^  lit  the  tfaue  staited  to  new  life,  and  prieea 
adraaeed  to  t8J0O9.00  fbr  brsn,  and  tlQOO  te 
•1 1.00  for  eoane  Biddjhigs,  at  whioh  flgarea  there 
was  qolte  a  brisk  deibaadthroaghoat  the  entire 
season*  The  pssssnt  store  rates  are  t9.00  foe  hran 
and  •U.OOforeoarse  Bilddlings. 

Apples. 

The  apple  orop  of  Miohigan  has  not  been  so 
large  last  season  as  In  186p,  although  the  prodnce 
was  good  in  some  localities.  The  apples  market- 
ed In  Detroit  are  all  raised  in  Miohigan,  the  bulk 
of  the  supply  oondag  from  the  old  settled  ooonties 
in  this  vioinlty,  Wayne,  Oakland,  Maoomb  and 
Washtenaw.  The  ooonties  west  of  the  aboTe< 
named,  and  situate  on  the  railroads  generally 
send  their  fruit  to-  Wisoonein  and  Illinois.— 
The  best  apples  brought  into  the  Detroit  market 
are  firom  the  neighborhood  of  Plymouth,  as  the 
flurmers  hi  that  looallty  have  orchards  stocked 
with  the  best  varieties  of  fruit. 

The  prinoipal  part  of  this  year's  crop  has  found 
a  market  in  Ciooinoati— the  varieties  grown  in 
the  victaiity  of  that  dty  l)eing  for  the  most  part 
early,  and  unsnited  fbr  winter  use.  About  16,000 
barrels  of  apples  have  beee  shipped  during  the 
season  just  past  firom  firom  the  four  houses  we  have 
named.  A  largo  quanUty  has  been  used  in  the 
city,  and  a  eonsiderable  portion  exported  to  Can- 
ada and  the  Lake  tieperior  oountry.  The  apples 
of  Miohigan  are  generally  of  excellent  quauty. 
The  old  orchards  prodnce  a  sood  deal  of  inferior 
frait,  but  the  annual  ezliibition  of  fhdt  at  tiie 
State  Fair  has  had  a  wonderAil  effect  in  stimula- 
ting our  fhrmers  to  proonre  the  beat  kinds  of  tndt 
trees,andaUthenewon)hardB  contain  an  excel- 
lent selection  of  the  best  and  most  approved  va- 
rieties of  apples  and  other  firnits. 


of  hands  in 
Qut  $45,000 
urnished  ua 
oulars  con- 


season  for 
effect  sales 
es  then  for 
an.    About 


Pens* 

Our  sole  receipts  of  this  staple  are  from  Canada. 
The  market  has  been  generauy  very  quiet  the  past 
year,  but  within  the  past  six  or  eight  weeks  there 
has  been  ooamderable  inquiry.  The  price  has 
ranged  fh>m  60  to  76o,  tiie  highest  figure  being 
about  the  present  price. 

Bait* 

The  market  for  salt  oontinned  very  quiet  at 
$1  46  for  coarse  and  fine  until  about  Nov.  15th, 
when  it  advanced  to  91>60,  at  which  it  romained 
until  the  16th  of  December,  after  which  it  ad- 
vanced very  rapidly,  owing  to  extreme  scarcity, 
until  it  reached  the  present  price,  91.75  for  fine 
and  92  for  coarse.  Dairy  sold  all  summer  at 
92.40;  it  is  now  92  76. 

Our  dealers  have  made  it  a  point  to  keep  prices 
within  moderate  bounds,  but  Uie  advance  this  fall 
was  owing  to  oircumstances  entirely  beyond  their 
control.  Lege  supplies  of  Onondaga  salt  have 
been  forwar&d  to  Cincinnati  and  oUier  points  on 
iho  Ohio  that  have  heretofore  derived  their  {sup- 
plies firom  the  Kanawha^  while  considerable  has 
been  shipped  to  New  York,  on  account  of  the  tariff 
on  the  fbreign  article.  There  is  also  an  enormous 
increase  in  oonsumption,  which  is  said,  amounted 
to  100.000  barreto  in  Chicago  in  November  alcne. 
Mr.  StUBSon,  the  Detroit  agent  of  the  Onondaga 
OoB^any,  has  sold  36,000  barrels  tbtet  last  June, 
aa  JMtMia  4tf  10,00P  barrels  orer  last  year. 


n 


The  rates  ef  local  fireigbts  work  agafoat  the  ia« 
tieduotion  of  salt  firam  Seglnaw  About  7,000  bar- 
r^  were  received  from  there  during  the  year.    , 

Mas*  aiud  •ton*. 

There  are  seven  dealers  engaged  in  this  Impor*  . 
teat  branch  f^f  buainesf,  and  the  amount  Of  Dm* 
sold  Is  about  9U,O0O  ouahels.  The  amount  oC 
stone  used,  exclusive  of  that  converted  iaio  lime, 
is  alMut  2,000  cords.  Prieea  are  unchanged  from 
1860.  The  Lake  Superior  demand  was  very 
Ught,  and  copper  ruling  low,  the  mines  sospendeld 
au  improvements  not  lndiapen«able,  while  owing 
to  the  unfavorable  aspect  of  the  times,  there  has 
been  Isss  building  in  Detroit,  and  a  lighter  ooun- 
try demand  than  usual.  Block  etone  is  imported 
into  Detroit  from  Cleveland,  Vetmillion  and 
Marblehead.  That  from  the  latter  is  limestone, 
and  that  irom  the  former  aandetone.  Ciur  new 
jail  Is  to  be  built  of  Marbleheud  stone.  Flngfrin" 
is  brought  from  Medina  and  Cleveland,  BotL  bio 
largely  used,  and  both  well  liked. 

Ceali 

With  the  exception  of  Blossbnrg,  Lehigh, 
and  SorantOD,  in  which  some  little  advance 
was  indnced  tbia  fall  by  nigh  freights,  the 
market  has  been  steady,  with  g*  nera'^y  a 
rather  advancing  tendency  towardii  the  «e 
of  navigatiOD,  as  is  UBnally  the  case,  ine 
present  rates  are  as  follows : 

Bloaiburg.   .   >     ;>       .  $7  26 

Lehigh,   •         .         .         •         •  6  SO 

DorantoD.     •         -  6  69 

Briar  HOI. 4  76       • 

Brooka  eld, 4  76       ~ 

Ormaby,           •         -  •      4  76       . 

Cambria *^       ] 

Mineral  Ridse.  •      4  26       ' 

The  aggregate  of  coal  received  by  lake  is 
87,887  tons.  The  reoeipts  of  Jackson  coal 
aggregate  1,998  tons  ;  of  GomnDa,  502i  tons. 
Total,  39,887i  tons. 

Vessola  O^nrned  In  Detroit  Dlstrlet. 

Tho  following  Is  a  complete  list  of  the 
steamers  and  vessels  at  present  owned  in  this 
Difltrict,  with  their  tonnage : 

BTKlliBOATS  AND  FROPSLLBRS. 

Tont.  Tons' 

Arrow.  378  Lion.  iso 

Ariel,  166  MlsBlSBippi,  I82S 

Ako,  111  May  Queen,  688 

AMon,  133  Magnet.  m 

Aina,  0.  G.,  C5  Milwaukee,  1113 

AllUa,  ■«  MrchiKan,  642 

Ark,  8U9  MichlgaD,  4>< 

Algoma,  71  Miohigan,  83 

A.  Koasetter.  900  Mldlund  Oi)y,  47 

BajrClty,  480  Mariner.  104 

Belle  Seymour,  83  NlneralRock,  656 

B.F.  Bruce.  1<»  Moutgomery,  926 

Burllngtoa,  886  Mary  Belle,  128 

Belle,                        '    129  Mekawk  Utiief.  86 

Oolumbla,  169  M.  H.  Kyergon.  120 

Olty  of  Buffalo,  3026  ^ewayKO,  30 

Comet,  Mo.  1.  46  Nebraska,  118 

Oroton,  ,    56  Magaia,  16 

Canada,  '146  Utttiwa,  817 

OometNo.  2.  143  'cean.  1060 

City  of  Cleveland,  788  OUve  Branch,  146 

Oliiton,  110  Olive  Bracch.  71 

Cliff  fielden,  96  Plymouth  Rock,  1991 

U.  W.  Armstrong.  Bl  Planet.  1154 

Clara.  77  Pearl.  ^     9(1. 

City  of  Madison,  391  PonUac.               '     ,.,     " 

Dlfpatoh.  28«  Frinceaa.  '7., 

SJr^'^       ■«p7fS^le,        ^-^•' 


34 


T 


s-tn.  Tiylor. 
UtroaiM, 


UUnota, 
J.  r.  Forter. 
John  Lfttbrop, 
Jamei  K.  JtMle. 

UMejlutorn, 
John  P.  Waro. 
0«o.  U.  Parker, 
Hnr«D, 

ZOUATe.a 

fame. 
«»ardinla. 

AndM. 
iJafOlty. 
Mohegan, 
JtobCuolUster, 
«.  C.  WalbrtOie. 


AageUqne. 
ATenser, 

Alnwlob, 
AndoTor, 

A.  Boat, 
Afrloa. 

Abram  Llaooln, 
Brandywine, 
fi.  Q.  lUen, 
Vortrud, 
BellaHloer. 
Oommenoement, 
Cadet, 
O.BceTe. 
Convey.. 
Caltfornia, 
Crevola. 

8barleifinmner, 
Una. 
DoJhU 

£mory  Fletcher, 

Empire, 

BagleWing. 

BoKenla. 

K.  K.  UUbert, 

Kzperlment. 

Snterprlse, 

JclTa. 

B.  J.  Seztoo. 
Emma, 
Fred  L.  WcUi. 
Vortune. 

r,  B.  MiUer. 
jralr  Invader, 
Poreit  Bow. 
Vreeman. 
Porwaroer. 
eoUelma, 
O.  Blien, 
t^en'i  Pierce. 
Grand  Turk. 
iauae  Cock. 
Otm  ot  (be  Lake, 
Ocor.e  Poote, 
U.  U.  Day, 
Uubbaid, 
Henry  l  ouor, 
U.  U.  firovn, 
Jltrcnlea. 
iiaiaard. 
U.  U.  BteeL 
lunriehl 
JalaeiflUi. 
J.BMblmi, 


leu, 

4»  £,~i.llU«tt. 
17  Borneo. . 
IW  Baby. 

1U7  fiSdlrio. 

DM  BoathoniMlehliaB. 

m  Swan.         ^^ 

m  MeaBlrd. 

ig|  ttarnla. 

N  Itockaan. 

6i)  mar. 

IM  Trafflc, 

474  Tarlton  Jonea, 

67  Union  Dzpreii. 

W7  United. 

m  Union, 

.H?  JSlMtem  World, 

195  Weitem  MetropolH. 

ei  Windtor. 

J»  PhUo  Panouh 

161  Bun  Lewla. 

109  Antelope, 

948  JotanMiurtlo. 

100  JL  P.  Clinton. 
BAaQcaa. 

488  Marquette, 

114  Bonora, 
IMiperlor, 

BBIOli 

888  Jnna,- 

4UU  John  O.  Deshler, 

345  Monteiuma, 

'jn-i  Bobt-Boma. 

ua;  Pllgriia.1 

soHooins. 

84   Wm.  TeU. 

no   Black  Hawk. 

45   John  A.  Sanders. 
lit  JohnHkUaer. 
1V6  Jamea  McKay, 
'm  Ive. 
m   JobnBloe, 

7U   Bansaa. 

4i>  Sit  Canon, 

•iS   Little  Belle. 

ilil  Llaale  Thtoop. 

90  J.  K.  eUdmore. 

88  Levant, 

72  Lady  01  the  Lake, 
283   Mary. 
m   MaryWilllami, 

"li  Marsuerritta. 
313   Magic, 
m   Meridian. 

01   Mary  Jane. 

SI   Mary  of  St.  Joseph, 
161    Mary  Kay. 

bl    Mark  U.  Sibley. 

«   N.  P.  (Joodell. 
Wi   Ocean. 

IK)   Orion. 
16*3   Oceana. 

6i   Odd  JieUow, 
am  Ocean  Wave, 

53    Pike. 

^3    Palo  Alto. 

40    Quickitep. 
159    H2iibow, 
m  Speed, 

58   bwan. 
.U7    Star, 
lOlt   tttatiltht. 
IW   Sea  Biro. 

t>2  Haranao. 
170  fcir  William  Wallace. 

71    Somerset, 

M  Sardinia, 
827   TemKeranee. 
'■its   Traveller. 
„33   Three  Sleteru, 
816   Tho'8l>yer, 
„60   Trial, 
841    Tom  Lewis, 

84  Torient. 
968  'iuacola. 
^  While  Cloud. 

n  White  tianall. 
119   Wm.A.Chi8holffl, 

J»  wfw.  WUlHd, 


T*ni. 


Mil 
1471 


MS 

81 
'H 
299 
4i 
67 

aii6 

73 

m 

auui 

1861 

103 
OOl 
170 

«8 

488 
.%8 
SiO 

48 
874 
3tJ6 
307 


44 

178 
47 

fc8 

lie, 
sa 

91 
IVti 

63 
lid 
134 
14^ 
165 
3i7 

Z9 

89 

143 

100 
67 
99 
3U 

•m 

120 
112 

59 

276 

87 

83 

ao 

36 

Si5 

3 

6 

40 
8 

89 
136 

88 
117 
167 
367 

45 
S97 

21 

37 
412 

818 
318 
136 
463 
US 

m 


J.f.tr«oy. 
Paoria, 
ibli 


s      "Ok.      \ 
Bavanna, 
lTm.  Maaon. 
Spray. 

gliarlea  Brown. 
apoleoD. 

Addaln, 

A.Howaa, 

Banner, 

Donqan  Stewart, 

Dan  Tucker, 

Knterprlie. 

■nterpriMk 

Poreat, 

foam, 

|lylM,Olottd, 

^  vrBpeoht, 

ranter. 

foybound. 

.S.  Hide, 

Sarmonla, 
arrlet, 
Helen, 
Inc. 

Jo.Tatea. 
L.  B.  Qoldtmith. 
Maro  Milne, 
May  Breeae, 
Indiutrle. 
Clark  B.  BalBsey. 


1  IH 

<'    336   Onlrlsla.         ' 
.dfi    317   k  al.  Andmoo, 

W  OaraiekfanB. 

408  BardlaBarahard, 

84U  BUlStevaM 

42  «7omInff. 

■LOon. 

90  Tlotory, 
aj  Wyandotte, 
aoow  BOBoomaa. 


I  I'f  frrv 


m 


86   IVianarel, 

70  Mune  Law, 
66   Mlohlgaa  fiowtr, 
33  QeeanWave, 
88   Porcupine, 
56   Planet, 

reique  Isle. 

eblo. 
lelndeer, 
86   Scud. 
44   St.JoBepb. 
63    Storm, 
29   SwaUow, 

ipeedy, 

S?'*«8l!     , 
Wm.  Barelay. 
Whttlate*.      • 

_     WhltePlfeoB, 
109   WoUln. 

39   Wetael. 


'Hi  i 


r 

n 
a» 

46 
86 


66 

eo 

34 


TankM, 
Wm.  Kelly. 


48 

I 


Dover. 

Poam, 

Forest  Maid. 

Prederlok, 

Ouerllla. 

LiUieDalai 

Liberator, 

Lookout, 

May  San, 

Cygnet, 

Juno, 


flOOWfl. 

20  Morning  Lark. 

37  Phantom, 

37  Prospaot. 

36  BedBose. 

20  Wm.  A.  Noble, 

87  Wolverine. 

63  Spanker, 

96  u.  Bioh, 
66 


Tb*  Iiak«-Atlmatlo  Fl««tt 

Owing  to  the  pr«yailing  higli  priees  of  lake 
freights,  hut  few  of  onr  vessela  have  engaged 
in  the  foreign  trade  this  year.  We  iMlieve 
the  only  clearances  from  Europe  are  the  bark 
Ravenna,  brig  John  G.  Deshler,  sohoonen 
Ool.  Cook  and  Qold  Hunter,  and  the  barque 
Niagara.  The  last  named  cleared  with  a 
cargo  of  com  from  Chicago.  The  others  were 
all  loaded  by  Detroit  merchants,  with  wheat, 
nnd  cleared  from  Milwaukee. 

Most  of  the  large  fleet  from  the  lakes  form- 
i-r\y  engaged  in  ttie  foreign  trade  have  now 
rotnmed.  Concerning  those  respectively  that 
have  not  returned,  we  will  give  our  readers 
all  the  facts  at  our  command.  A  few  of  them 
have  become  noted  for  their  connection  with 
some  of  the  events  of  the  rebellion.  The 
barque  D.  0.  Pierce,  as  will  be  remembered, 
was  destroyed  at  Norfolk  last  spring,  under 
circumstances  that  stamp  the  perpetrators  as 
no  better  than  pirates.  The  Typhoon  belongs 
to  the  lamous  "  stone  fleet,"  and  is,  or  was, 
recently  owned  by  Fearing  and  Binkley,  of 
Boston.  The  Coatzac<Mtlcos,  (formerly 
America,)  one  of  the  steamers  purchased  by 
N.  P.  Stewart,  of  Detroit,  and  taken  ever  tbe 
St.  Lawrence,  is  in  service  in  our  Navy,  and 
Jiasbeenpierosd  lor  six  guns  on  each  «Kle. 


If 


35 


a 


tut. 

i 


mvt 

I. 


19f 


17 


I 


US 
36 

48 

n 

19§ 


67 
28 


I 


k, 
le, 

•t« 

ices  of  lake 
,ve  engaged 
We  l^lieve 
ire  the  bark 
,  sohoonen 
the  barque 
red  with  a 
others  were 
with  wheat, 

lakes  form- 
ehave  now 
ictively  that 
our  readers 
few  of  them 
lection  with 
»Uion.  The 
Bmembered, 
ring,  under 
^etrators  as 
ion  belongs 
1  is,  or  was, 
Hinkley,  of 
(formerly 
irohaaed  by 
cen  eTer  tbe 
Navy,  and 
B  eacb  fide. 


i 


Hir  oooiort,  the  Oanada,  fell  a  prey  to  tho 
rebels  last  winter,  at  Mew  Orleans.  Tbe 
wreeklng  tug  Salvor,  whioh  will  be  remem- 
bered  by  (konsaads  in  our  Lake  dtiee,  was 
fitted  up  for  a  slaTer,  but  matters  did  not 
work  satlsfaotorily,  and  she  embarked  in  the 
cattle  trade  between  Bnzos  and  Ouba,  in 
which  she  was  engaged  up  to  the  period  o 
the  commencement  of  hostilities.  Tho 
schooner  Ada  was  lost  with  a  cargo  ol  3oal, 
last  winter,  between  Hatteras  and  Gape 
Henry.  The  W.  B.  Castle,  whioh  was  pur. 
chased  by  a  Gape  God  owner,  was,  we  be- 
lieve, wrecked  some  time  past.  The  Indus, 
which  was  also  wrecked,  was  towed  into 
Philadelphia  and  converted  into  a  brig.  The 
Messenger  is  at  New  York,  condemned  The 
Uarveaii  has  been  rebnilt.at  Rio  Janeiro  and 
her  name  chaneed.  The  brig  Oaioline,  of 
Detroit,  as  we  have  heretofore  stated,  has 
been  sold  in  Liverpool.  The  Olifton,  160 
tons,  eigh'  years  old,  was  sold  Ui  New  Tork 
a  few  day#  since,  for  $2,000.  TheO.  J. 
Kershaw,  D.  B.  Sexton,  Ghieflain,  Black 
Hawk,  9nd  possibly  one  or  two  others,  are 
still  in  the  European  trade.  The  St.  Helena, 
was  chartered  last  winter  for  the  coast  of 
Africa  at  a  high  rate  per  month,  and  went 
oat  with  a  cargo  of  lumber,  but  was  lost. 

We  are  indebted  for  most  of  the  above  facts 
to  oui  friend  Oapt.  Starkweather,  formerly  of 
the  schooner  Qrand  Turk,  more  recently  a 
volunteer  of  the  Uaion,  one  of  the  truest  and 
most  inteUigent  men  that  ever  trod  a  ship's 
do<A  or  shouldered  a  musket. 


Jobbing  Trade  of  Detroit. 

Orocexiest 

The  year  just  dosed  has  beea  ore  of  novel 
experience  to  our  grocery  men.  It  com- 
menced with  unusual  depression  and  dullness 
in  trade.  But  few  had  the  hardihood  to  launch 
boldly  into  the  gloom  that  clouded  business, 
by  making  purchases  of  any  more  then  just 
sufficient  tc  keep  good  an  assortment. 

The  winter  and  sring  were  passed  in  dis- 
cussing and  meditating  on  the  state  of  the 
country.  The  promise  of  good  crops,  as 
summer  approached,  and  the  realization  of 
better  profits,  owing  to  an  advance  in  the 
price  of  goods,  infused  a  more  cheerful  tone, 
that  increased  purchases  and  sales. 

For  the  first  time  hi  the  history  of  the 
present  generation  of  merchants,  the  ener> 
(jies  of  the  country  are  dfareeted  to  a  war  ot 
great  magnitude,  and  to  providing  the  ways 
and  means  for  its  prosecution.  A  heavy  tar- 
iflf  becomes  necessary  on  rrtides  heretofore 
jree,  and  en  other  goods  generally  an  in- 
creased duty.  SpectUation  hi  goods  com- 
menced in  eastern  markets,  which  soon 
spread  to  the  west,  stimulated  also  by  an  ^c- 


tive  and  heavy  demand  for  t^mf  lappllef , 
and  by  the  very  large  amount  of  money  pni 
into  drculation  by  the  Qovemment,  gooda 
have  advanced  more  than  the  Increase  of  dn- 
ties— and  that  without  diminishing  in  any 
noticeable  mt*asure  the  demand  or  consump- 
tion. There  has  been  a  steady  advance  tnm 
the  month  of  May  on  slmost  every  article  of 
groceries. 

Teas  in  January  could  be  had  at  from  40o 
for  good  common,  to  60o  for  fine.    In  Jane 

? rices  rangtfd  from  68o  to  70c.  In  August, 
0  to  80c  i  bi  September,  76o  to  90o,  and  in 
November  advanced  to  86c  and  100c— about 
100  per  cent,  advance  on  a  duty  of  twenty 
cents  per  lb.  The  advance  is  not  in  this  arti- 
cle owing  so  much  to  the  duty  as  to  scarcity. 

GofiTee  has  not  shown  so  much  advance  un 
til  very  recently.  The  stock  has  been  very 
large  in  New  York,  and  is  so  still.  lb  re- 
mained quite  steady  in  pric»  until  September 
when  it  advanced  Icjper  lb,  and  lo  more  in 
October,  and  fpU  8c  per  pound  in  November 
on  Rio,  and  more  on  Java  and  the  better 
qualities  of  coffee.  For  Rio  the  price  stood 
at  14o  to  16c  from  January  to  September.  It 
is  now  wortn  20o  and  21c.  Java  was  sold  at 
17c  in  tbe  early  part  of  the  year,  and  should 
now  command  20o  to  28e.  The  advance  on 
most  kinds  of  coffee  is  just  equal  to  the  duty. 

Sugars  were  moderately  low  hi  the  winter 
and  spring.  Brown  sold  at  from  6i  to  7Iq  ; 
crushed  at  9,  Oi,  and  10c;  coffee  sugars  at 
8|  toQlc  In  May  brown  sugars  fell  off  leper 
lb  and  white  sugars  Ic  per  lb.  In  July  the  de- 
cline wai  recovered.  From  August  to  £:>p- 
tember  there  has  been  a  steady  advance  until 
9  to  10c  for  trown  sugar,  and  11  to  12c  are 
the  market  prices  for  the  artlde. 

Stvloes  of  all  khids  have  been  rapidly  in- 
creaaing  in  price  since  the  summer. 

Pepper  is  60  per  cent  higher,  and  now  sells 
at  16i017& 

Pimento  is  100  per  cent  higher  and  sells  at 
12i014c. 

Cloves  has  advanced  100  per  cent,  and 
Cinnamon  60  per  cent.  Nutmegs  only  about 
26  per  cent. 

Fruits  and  nuts  are  also  Juigher.  Raisins 
aro  from  60  to  76  per  cent  higher. 

The  last  advance  in  the  prices  of  goods 
was  owing  mostly   to  an  anticipated  large 
increase  of  duty,  and  a  spirit  of  speculation. 
The  duty  having  been  increased  on  tea,  cof- 
fee and  sugar  moderately,  and  the  prospect 
of  a  foreign  ^ar  being  lessened,  we  think  the 
highest  point  has  been  renched,  unless  the 
suspension  of  spede  payments,  and  a  very 
large  circulation  of  papev  money  has  the  ef- 
fect to  farther  enhance  prices. 
The  fact  that  merchants  in  the  haterior  gene- 
rally bought  sparingly  when  in  New  York, 
and  a  restriction  of    credits  there   has  in- 


S6 


il: 


oreaiml  Um  clAuaad  iot  gooda  In  tbto  narktt. 
'  Safiei  have  been  l«^^ger,  and  wiUi  a  large  pro- 
'  pqrUon  of  caah,  m](m  darfqg  tiit  months  of 

KoT9i;rber  and  I>«eeiDbi»r  (ban  they  have 

been  in  aoy  two  months  in  Beveral  jears. 

,  High  prices  will,  00  doobt,  role  high  until 
,  p^aoe  iaxe8tor«4  aod  th«  hnskB  reiviae  specie 

"    Drjr  Goods  Trade^   ,    ".     r 

'  The  smnmary  of  gales  in  the  dry  goeda  trade 
'for  the  year  will  approximate  to  82,000,000, 
nrlStii  U  a  fair  showing.  Of  this  sum  toe  three 
Jobbiog  hoQSos  whiob  confine  thsmaehres  to  the 
wh<d«Mle  buainees,  absorb  teODiOOO.  We  find 
some  sixteen  other  firms,  fiocr  or  1  ve  of  them  oo- 
oapying  themseh  es  more  or  less  ii  the  Wholesale 
in  oonneotion  with  the  retail  trale— their  sales 
averaging  somethins  over  9100,000  each. 

The  purohaie  of  imported  goods  was  not 
80  heavy  as  in  the  preceding  year,  which  may  be 
attributed,  first.tothe  auwemanted  advance  in  for- 
eign fabrics,  ontstripping  in  this  respect  domestic 
mannfactures.  The  wholesale  price  of  foreign 
woolen  and  cotton  goods  is  full  forty  per  cent, 
more  now  than  one  year  ago  ;  and  the  advance 
on  domestic  goods,  if  very  nearly,  is  not  as  great. 
Another  oiroamstanoe  wluoh  has  tended  to  dimin- 
ish importations  ii,  the  onsettled  mind  of  the 
country  with  respect  to  the  war.  LitUe  doubt  is 
felt  in  the  North  as  to  the  final  issue,  but  no  one 
can  tell  what  complications  may  arise  in  the 
coarse  of  its  solution,  and  hence  both  the  buyer 
and  seller  are  warr  in  their  intercourse. 

A  very  gratifyk^,  change  is  taking  plooe  in 
respect  to  the  kind  of  fabrics  now  called  for  by  the 
bulk  of  the  eommunity.  A  few  years  ago,  many 
of  the  prints  sold  at  our  stores  wete  &om  English 
and  French  factories.  Now  our  own  muiufaotur- 
ers  are  uniformly  suj^ying  our  market.  With 
woolen  goodsi  the  change  has  net  been  sp  markttci, 
but  enough  nos  taken  place  to  show  Uist  bat  a 
short  period  must  elapse  before  foreign  delaines, 
raerinoes,  broadcloths,  Ac,  will  be  wholly  sup- 
planted by  •  our  American  goods.  This  state  of 
things  Is  due  entirely  to  our  yearly  improvem^t 
in  the  manufacture  of  these  articles. 

There  are  sound  reasons  why  the  jobbing  trade 
should  improve  in  this  city  from  this  time  for- 
ward. First,  the  shortening  of  the  term  of  credit 
to  the  country  dealer,  must  nave  Uie  effeot  to  les- 
sen the  amsont  of  his  bills,  and  to  make  them 
more  frequent.  In  such  case  it  will  hardly  pay 
him,  as  formeriy,  to  make  his  purohases  in  New 
York,  even  if  the  New  York  jobber  showed  as 
mnoh  alacrify  in  opening  tLocounts  with  him, 
which  he  does  not.  Again,  the  system  of  short 
credits  will  make  the  trade  between  the  jobber 
and  ooontry  merchant  a  heelthy  and  reliable  one, 
dimwishing  the  risks  and  losses  of  badness  to  both 
parties,  preventing  an  aoeumulation  of  uosaleabla 
goods,  and  inciting  the  country  dealer  to  avoid, 
in  turn,  giving  long  credit  to  bis  customers.  Be- 
sides it  is  getting  to  be  understood,  that  oor  De- 
troit importers  can  undersell  those  of  New  York— 
the  expense  of  doing  business  in  consequence  of 
high  rests,  salaries,  traveling  ageots,  ;nnners, 
and  a  gaaeraUy  cstentatbus  and  costly  system  of 
oondttotiag  trade  by  the  ^'ew  Yorker  eontributiog 
to  this  result 


Some  of  our  most  segaefooi  umfehaaitK  a^ai- 
ready  looking  for  an  anMliorattoo  in  the  priee  of 
eptton  and  woolen  fkbrios,  predieatiBa  thefir  een- 
olosicn  aiion  the  prospective  eflbrtf  uoor  Oovem- 
ment  to  open  a  path  mto  the  interior  of  ootton- 
dom  i  the  spasinodio,  attempts  of  some  of  the  most 
violent  of  the  rebel  piaitJsans  to  indte  the  South 
to  destroy  the  crop  not  being  regarded  as  of  sufli- 
oient  importance  to  moderate  their  views.  That 
these  prognof^oations  may  prove  oorreqt,  if  they 
operate  to  wake  peace  within  our  borders,  moat  be 
the  commrn  aadneartfelt  wish  of  the  country.  . , 
H  Ardwrare,  Iron  oa*  Malls* 


There  are  some  interesting  features  connected 
with  this  trade  during  toe  past  year.  The  jobbing 
sales  may  possibly  have  fedien  off,  say  twenty  per 
cent.,  bat  the  business  having  l>een  dono  nearly 
for  cash,  was  more  healthfU,  if  less  balance  has 
been  shown  to  the  profit  side  finnn  the  books.  We 
find,  by  thorough  inqtdry,  that  from  year  to  year, 
and  this  last  year  especially,  foreign  mannfae* 
tures  of  iron  are  steadily  bein^  replaced  by  supe- 
rior articles  of  Ameriean  make.  This  remark 
may  not  only  be  apj^d.  to  cutlery.  But  to  most  of 
shelf  goods;  such  as  screws,  bolts,  oariiage 
aprin?B,  edge  tools,  files,  butts  and  hinges,  saws, 
and,  in  fact,  the  majority  of  articles  that  lay  upon 
the  dielves  of  a  store,  containing  it  well-assorted 
stook.  We  gave  the  estimate  of  sales  last  year  as 
$1,000,000.  We  might  put  it  this  year  at  tSOO.- 
000,  with  the  observation  that  country  buyers  no 
longsMMiek,  as  formerly,  to  buy  for  the  purpose  of 
paiading  a  large  stock,  because  it  could  bo  obtain- 
tained  <m  long  time,  but  rather  to  famish  them- 
selves with  such  artides  as  meet  witii  ready  sale, 
in  order  to  keep  their  credit  with  shorter  paper 
good.  This  course  insures  to  the  country  dealer  a 
more  healthy  trade,  while  it  is  infinitely  more 
satisfactory  to  the  jobber.  But  it  is  not  only  from 
shelf  goods  that  American  artesanshave  raaped 
a  substaatiai  profit  during  the  past  year.  The 
trade  in  sheet-iron,  from  bSler  iron  down  to  No. 
3C.  which  has  heretofi>re  been  ezdusively  of  Eng- 
lish manufactare,  has  been  entirely  oondooted 
with  Amerfoan  mill8,and  we  are  ebtauung  to-day, 
for  four  cents  per  pound,  an  article  of  boiler  iron 
from  American  shops,  far  superior  to  any  we  could 
obtain  firam  the  English  market  at  foor  and  a 
quarter  cents ;  thas  demonstrating  in  this  instance 
at  least,  the  advantage  of  a  proteOTve  tariff  to  oar 
home  manufaetores.  Our  ^tpiianeis  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  bar  iron,  railroad  iron,  ship  chain,  Ao.( 
are  steadily  accumulating,  and  we  have  the  satis* 
faction  to  know  that  the  fine  quality  of  iron  that 
oomes  fi»m  the  mines  of  this  ooantry,  and  esped* 
ally  rom  kt  Lake  Superior  district,  enables  us, 
when  fairly  put  in  oompetation  with  foreign  manu- 
facturers, to  carry  off  the  palm.  A  few  yean 
aga,:foandries  scarcely  thoaght  of  oaating  any- 
thing wilhoot  a  large  admiatore  of  Scotch  or  Ros- 
se,  or  some  other  foreign  iron ;  whereas,  n'-w  they 
cannot  assure  themselves  of  perieet  soooess  with* 
out  Lake  Superior,  Pennsylvania  or  some  ether 
American  brand,  forms  the  ms^r  portion  in  the 
fumase. 

The  Wyandotte  RoUiag  Mills  Company  report  a 
large  increase  of  sales  over  last  year.  This  is 
owing,  in  seme  degree,  to  the  suoosssfbl  efforts  of 
the  Company  to  introdooe  braaohes  of  iron  mum- 
faotore  other  than  railroad  and  bar  iron.    They 


SI 


thepriMoT 
their  een- 
ixa  OoTvni- 
'of  oottoa. 

of  UltUMMt 

the  South 
1  as  of  taffi- 
iews.  Ihat 
sot,  if  they 
srB,  moat  be 
loantry. 

lie. 

oooneoted 
rhe  jobbing 
twenty  per 
one  nearly 
Dalance  haa 
bookfl.  We 
sar  to  year, 
1  maaofae- 
dby  snpe- 
Ua  renuurk 
to  most  of 
,  oariiage 
iges,  sawf, 
it  lay  upon 
)ll-aasorted 
ut  year  as 

t  at  teoo,- 

buyers  no 
porpoeeoT 
Iboobtain- 
uah  them- 
eady  a^e, 
rter  paper 
ry  dealer  a 
itely  more 
tonly  from 
re  reaped 
rear.  The 
>wn  to  No. 
ly  of  Bng- 
oondooted 
ing  to-day, 
wiler  iron 
y  we  ooold 
four  and  a 
ie  instance 
urifftooar 
r  the  man- 
ihain,  Ao.; 
the  satie. 

iron  that 
id  espeei* 
nables  n«, 
(ffnmana- 


-M  years 
ting  any- 
)h  or  Boe- 
n-^w  they 
•n  with* 
me  ether 
OD  Inthe 

yreporta 

This  is 

efforts  of 

on  mura- 

a.    They 


fefiiMWtu«kiiag  wrought  spike,  to  which  there  is 
nothing  aopoiior  Itnown  i  and  the  same  might 
trathfaUroe  said  of  their  dhain  cable  and  boiler 
iron,  we  onderstand,  moreover,  that  they  are 
jost  aboat  entering  npon  the  fdlfillment  of  a  oon- 
traot  to  sai^ly  oar  Qovemment  with  aqaantity 
of  oolombiads;  vvhioh,  if  made  of  the  dnoiile  «od 
tenaeiona  Lake  Superior  iron,  may  aorely  be  re- 
lied upon  wherever  iron  is  troated. 

We  nave  no  change  to  report  either  in  the  num- 
ber or  atyle  of  the  fSma  tliat  have  been  engaged 
in  the  iron  bnnneas  during  the  past  year,  with, 
perhapa,  one  gratifying  exception.  Meaars.  Gan- 
aon  t  Co.  have  erected  a  number  of  commodious 
buildinga  in  the  upper  part  of  the  city,  for  the 
manufa^ure  of  atovea.  Theae  gentlemen  have 
been  the  pioneeia  in  tlua  buaineas  here,  and  it 

Sivea  ua  pleasure  te  aay,  that  although  but  a  abort 
me  in  operation,  they  are  already  reaping  an 
abundant  reward  for  their  enterpriee.  It  re- 
quires no  aoothaayer  to  predict  that,  with  iron  in 
abundance,  fuel  cheap,  and  good  facilities  for 
tranaportatioo,  Meaara.  Qanaon  A  Co.  will  be  auo- 
oeaaful,  and  our  merchants  content  if  they  do  no 
more  uan  aave  the  freight  from  the  eastern 
market,  on  all  atovea  that  are  sold  here.     ,. ,  . 

Tlie  Crnckery  Trade* 

N'^^hing  especially  remarkable  has  transpired 
in  this  brancliof  trade  during  the  year  past.  The 
sales  may  be  set  down  as  rather  below  the  aver- 
age—say 9160,000  in  our  four  principal  houaea. 
In  common  with  other  branches,  however,  our 
crockery  merchants  have  sold  only  for  oaah  and 
ahort.paper,  and  the  reault  is.  they  are  in  a  more 
bliailEiil  state  <^  feeling  than  they  would  otherwise 
be  with  their  diminiahed  sales.  One  of  our  mer- 
chants, at  least,  with  charaoteristio  eaterprise,  has 
this  year,  aa  for  several  yeara  past,  imported  £ng- 
gliah  crockery,  directly  from  the  manufactories, 
per  our  lake  vessels.  If  the  cheapness  of  trans- 
portation has  not  more  than  counterbalanced  the 
delay,  it  must  be  aatisfactory  for  him  to  reflect 
that  he  has  done  his  portion  towards  fostering  di- 
rect trade  with  Europe.  A  clear  seer  may  discam 
in  the  viataof  the  fnturo  that,  with  slightly  in- 
crea$ed  faeUittes  for  a  large  trade,  (if  no  war  in- 
tervene) direct  European  and  other  foreign  com- 
merce with  our  lake  citiea  will  equal  the  present 
commerce  of  our  seaboard. 

A  goodly  portion  of  the  goods  in  our  crockery 
stores  is  now  from  American  workahops,  vis : — 
glaas- ware,  almost  uniformly;  cutiery,  the  great- 
est part;  brittania.  Iron  and  pewter  ware;  lan- 
terns ;  earthen  and  yellow  ware.  We  have  seen 
specimens  of  tliis  last  description  of  goods  from 
American  artisans,  the  irUri'Hc  beauty  of  which 
would  compare  iaborably  with  any  table  ware 
known;  altiiou^,  of  course,  not  being  in  the 
present  atyle,  it  muat  wait  to  be  appreciated.  .  A 
orookery,  merchant,  in  oonversing  with  us  a  few 
days  since,  gave  it  as  hia  opinion,  that  were  our 
beat  yellow  ware  manufactured  in  England,  tfao 
Amerioan  people  would  at  once  become  enamored 
with  it,  and  use  it  to  the  exclusion  of  all  other 
ware  for  the  same  purposes.  Should  a  demand 
ariae,  we  could  undoubtedly  fumiab  forms  of  this 
ware  requisite  for  every  domestic  use; 

Boots  and  Sbocs* 

Binoe  oar  last  Acnoal  Report  the  boot  and  shoe 


•J-.H..U". 


buaineas  ''Mms  to  have  been  faUIflg  inte  fewer 
hands.  Tiiere  is  a  siukller  number  of  flrou  in  the 
business  than  in  tither  1859  or  1860. 

Our  home  maaufitctare  has  inoreaaed  eondde^- 
ably  and  the  whole  bnaineaa  haa  not  been  dimin- 
iahed. Some  firma  are  now  maldng  mora  than 
one-half  of  the  gooda  they  aell,  and  there  are 
more  journeymen  employed  than  in  any  fonrsr 
year. 

I  he  facility  for  the  manufacture  of  boots  and 
ahoea  here  are  now  almost  equal  to  those  of  any 
place.  Here  are  extensive  taD'«ries  convMiient, 
and  bark  and  hides  are  plenty/  at  hand.  Upper 
stock,  kips  and  calf  skins.  Busaett  sheep  skms, 
moroccos  and  bindinga  are  all  made  here.  We 
have  a  last  and  crimp  factory. 

The  aalea  of  1861  are  quite  up  to  the  amount  of 
any  previona  year,  and  the  proportion  of  home- 
made goods  is  greater  than  any  fennor  year. 

There  are  about  twenty  firms  engaged  in  the 
businesa,  all  of  whom  de  something  in  manufiw- 
nring.       .. 

..,;-..%!<'  >..  /,  ,  Fare.  ■         _,  , 

There  are  two  shlpmeots  of  Furs  annually 
to  England,  one  to  meet  the  Mardi  sales,  and 
the  other  tLe  September  sales.  The  Fan 
accnmnlated  here,  as  in  other  BSates^  are 
forwarded  to  shippers  of  New  York,  who, 
under  the  name  of  the  American  Far  Oom- 
pany,  consign  their  cargoes  to  Bamwm  dt  Co. 
London,  England.  Many  of  these  For.*  find 
their  way  back  agidn,  having  been  purchased 
by  our  Fur  Manufacturers.  The  si&ea  imme- 
diately succeed  those  of  the  Hudsoo's  Bay 
Company's. 

There  are  a  few  Marten  (sable)  skiBB  ob- 
tained here,  and  the  very  dark  reaUze  an  al- 
most fabnlouB  price,  being  sold  for  Bui>8iaa 
sable.  Muskrat  or  "  Musquash,"  aa  they  are 
technically  called  in  the  U-ade,  is  becoming 
a  very  popular  Fur,  both  from  its  durability 
and  its  proximate  appearance  to  the  mink,  in 
fact  it  is  now  getting  a  new  name,  and  Is 
called  River  Mink,  and  when  colored  is  atyled 
German  Mink. 

Raccoon,  Fisher,  Foxs  and  Bear  skins 
a,re  mostly  shipped  to  Europe  for  the  Leipsic 
market 

Skunk  skins  are  also  largely  used  in  the 
Nonhern  parts  of  Germany,  and  ini  Russia 
they  undergo  a  preparation  which  gives  them 
the  appearance  of  Fisher. 

Our  weasel  is  virtually  the  Ermine,  but  so 
few  are  caught  that  commercially  they 
amount  to  nothing. 

Detroit  Board  of  Trade.     «';,.«, 

Moore.  Fnote  A  Co.      ° ' 
Johnian  k  Wheeler. 
Peter  He  kel. 
Haywood  A  Ollphant, 

PBODUOB,    OOMIIIgllOa,   Ao. 

J.  Aapmail  ft  >>on. 
Anderaon  A  Denton. 
AuRuatuB  K.  Binell. 
<;}eorge  W.  Btsiell. 
H.  P  Biidte 
BiUmn  A  Marvin. 
G.  B.  DiokiiiaonAOo. 
JotanO.Brwla. 


VOBWAROIHO. 

Keith  A  Oarter. 
John  Patton. 

iNiinRiHoa. 
Ben.  Vernor. 

?OBWABOINa,  OOMMiaSIOK. 

B.  P.  Bradv  &  Oo. 
WUMams  &  Oo. 
Blaok  ft  Toung, 
B.  O'Grady.  ^ 
Newbarnr  ft  €k>. 
Dunean  Stewart. 


I-" 


(:l 


,Uv.i^ 


38 


i 


it:     . 


JobaBntohlnii.         ,,     ,    W.  a  Q.  GUlwpla. 

_  ,  MkmuaAos.      Tiua  r  Qjnjta  O.  Jonm. 
K.  K.  Rtoa.  f  ,  -,  0, :  ML  Jattuoa  *  Bon. 

J.  A.  ^mikrong.       .     ^    Alexander  LewiB  ft  Oo. 
Robert  BelL     :■>  .r'l     '>o    OeonteO.  Idusdoa. 
J.  D,  Hayes.       -in  Ki-drnf  ^•3J'''^7^ 
J.  rf.  MMten.  /"j      J.  D.Standijh. 

Towo  A  aiielden.      .     r^  IJ  B.  B.  Stlmson.  -' 

Idvard  Orr  .a-^  ,•,..  U.  A.  Sheldoa. 

OROOKIBT.  "  ^       SHPOirilBHS,  4C. 

R.  W.  SlDK.  E.  W,  Hodson. 

■'x>TS  sHowAHOLiATBn.      M.;B.Ward.      <    ,'  t 
M.  p.  Baldwin  A  Oo.  H.N.  Strong. 

HARDWABi.  v.  O.  Merriok  A  Oo. 

Bahl  A  0acharme.      '  rvOapt  Geo.  Woivarton. 
J).  B.  A  W.  R.  Noyet.  Oapt  Peter  Ralph. 

owxmam.  Joim  Bloem. 

O.  A  R.  MoMUIan.  SDr.  B-  M.  Olark . 
StepheuA  Beattj.  t^  u 

Ofllcars  for  1861.    "  '    "'  ^ 

/VMidm^-aBORGI!  W.  BISSBLt. 

Via*  Pre»Uimta—AiMXAm*H  Lawn.  A.  B.  Bis8ii.l. 

Z>ireotor«— Janet  Asoinall  Peter  Tonng.  H.  J.  Book- 
lev,  aeorge  McMillan,  0.  H.  Bahl,  B.  B.  Maihuwi.  H. 
W.  Newoenr,  and  the  President  and  Vice  Presidents. 

C%MnmMa«o/iZsr«r«nc6-JohnHatchine8, 0.  It.  Saf- 
ford,  George  O.  Lanvdoo. 

Standkig  CommittM  on  Ttupeetton  of  Flour  and 
Orain—a.  P.  Bridge,  Peter  Toon^  G.  B.  Dickinson. 

Seeretarv  and  lr«a«urer—R,  Haddock. 

;.       r..u!  ,  I<«*dlac  Import*. 

r">'i  ^k""                              18«1.  ISW. 

AIoohoLbbis , 9,g68  6.5S1 

Ashes,  casks .8,718  4,627 

ApDles.bb1s lOasg  ]4,0M 

Baoon,  boxes 7,270  7,870 

Beans,  bn 83,879  9,88!) 

Bailer.ba 69.734  110.199 

Reef.  bbis. 46.3>M 

Butter,  lbs 3,879,137  3.096.000 

Oonhba 9eo,60C  666,849 

OottoB  bales 6.898  8.03i) 

Oattleno 71,6S1  70,771 

goal,  ton ae.8ti73<  26.880 

opper.tons 6.700  9.290 

Dried  fruit,  bbis 1,4I<6  2,016 

Dressed  hoiSi  No 6P.471  ....o. 

B«gs,bb> 11,331  14.196 

Flour,  bbis 1.261,104  842.176 

Peed,  bags i:4S.ll8  64,420 

Pars,  pkgs 23:66  4,690 

fIshtbblB. 9.464  18.731 

GlaiB.  boxes 17.632  27,663 

Hides.  No 119,830  103,026 

HMiWines,  bbis 81.214  11.270 

Hans  tos 4,4*0  6,360 

HogS.N^ 129.056  63,441 

Hoops.  M 8.84a  

Iroo.  bars.No 61.432  73.460 

Iron,  bundles 37,009  23  883 

iron,  piK,  tons 2,920  3.310 

Lumber.  M, 6,974  1336S 

Lard,  bbis 21.608  33000 

Leather,  rolls 8.4W  3.186 

Meal,  bbli 8,860  14,109 

0«tB,bu 2^9.986  179,598 

Pork.bUs 63.987  54.121 

Pe  ts  and  skins,  bund 7,008  1 6,636 

Plaster,  ions 6876  10,703 

Peas.ba 4,113  2.6.6 

PoUtoes,  bags. :  71.696  9,716 

RfCbu 16,981  19,128 

Rxvs.  bale<i, ....% • 17  640  15.2h0 

Salt,  bbis 72.86rt  68.650 

Sheet,.  No IS.&dS  11,673 

Stavex.  M    4.116  3.676 

►shingle*.  M 11.007  7.490 

Seeds,  bags 2^463  29,016 

Tallow 13860  8,tWl 

Whiiky  17.782  14704 

Wheat 2  706,111  1,894  9^1 

Wo'^l.  lbs 4.903,831  4,946,605 

Water  Liffle.bbki 4,020  

LaadlBK  Bzporta.    '■>.< 

Alcohol,  bbis 6,645  '         7.106 

A8he>,  casks 3  227  7,25$ 

Apples,  bbis 81,750  23,340 

Aie  and  beer,  bbis 7,704          

Beef,  obis.. 35,760  22,931 


Batker.lbc ^W&M£     4W«.g 

Barley,  bo. MW  2,i 

Baeob  bozai  -      •      «...     •         8.717  9,1 

§S?2f*b'S-  -  -  :^^^  :^'^^  ^i^':'. '  A'S     elSfS 

Oattle,  head  •      •      •      .      .      :  «8,174  59  096 

Gheese,  boxes   •  4486          

Oaudle].  boxes,   •      -      -,,    -      -  6,871  ...... 

Cotton,  bales              ,.....,;*.,  -  6.896  8,ilJ 

Brested  bogs,  No.    • '  Pit.  &  ..;   r»'  60,914  .'96.111 

Dried Rrult.  bbis,       e  .trr      •;  >i  -  9,684           

KiWbbls,         -       -      'v'^  .      V  8.914  14.196 

Flour,  bbis.   •       ■       ...      .1.26l28ii  80^619 

Feed,bags, 6.716          

PIsh,bbU 8.444  16.976 

Fnr8,p*kg8 1.660  4,136 

GIMS.  boxes. 8.981           

Hides.  No.  ^^, 98,612  87,88J 

Hlgbwlnes.  bbis.        ....  y/Q^izi  4,672 

Hay,  tons 978  980 

Hams,^tcs. 6.241  6.447 

Iron.  ban. 6950  6,468 

Iron,  bundles 9.814  1.620 

Iron,  ptg,  tons 878  875 

Iron  scrap  tons      ....  934          

Lard,  bbis... 22,882  80.125 

Leather,  rolls         -    .  -       -      -  18,018  10,805 

Liquors  and  irines,  bbis.   .  1,892          

LurabwA  M. 28,911  44,684 

Maltbags 6  860  5.869 

MeaLbbls. 8  009  1L191 

Nails,  kegs   .....  Isu  ...... 

Oat&bniE.  3I»,167  309,805 

Oil.bbls 6.860  .v.... 

Poricbl*  ^,    •      -      ■      .      -  48,791  49.r0 

Pelts  and  skins,  bund.     .            .  7.<i8a  7,M} 

Peas  bu.         .....  670 

Potatoes,  bags  .      .      •      .      -  66.111 

Bags,  bundles        ....  8,i8o 

Shoulders,  bbis.       ....  1,544 

Sheep,  No.      •    f?«...^;;i  ..,    .  11,608 

Sugar,  bbla.       -      .      .      .      .  4,131) 

Salt.  bbis.       ...  46.80»» 

Soap,  boxes      .....  8,414 

Tea,  X  chests       ....  ls^o 

Tobacco,  p'kgs         .                   .  90  635 

Tallow,  bbis,         ....  14,826 

Vinegar,  bbls.         ....  4,670 

^iSy.bbls.        ....  11.607 

Wheat.\)u. 2,705,(M7 

wooiibs.  -     6.mm 

The  market  for  West  India  hogshead  stavea 
opened  dull  last  spriag,  |10  per  gross  M.  of 
1,200  being  paid  for  lots  delivered  oo  the 
line  of  the  Detroit  and  Milwankee  Railroad, 
an  abatement  of  twA  dollars  from  the  ruHng 
pri(!e  of  last  year.  At  this  time  the  foreign 
market  was  overstocked.  Towards  the  pe-  ^ 
liod  for  making  the  fall  purchases,  there  was 
a  great  improvement  in  the  foreign  demand, 
and  prices  in  Michigan  advanced  to  $12,00.— 
The  foi.*eign  demand  is  still  very  good,  bat 
since  serious  donbts  were  first  entertained  of 
the  continnanoe  of  amicable  relations  with 
Oreat  Britain,  we  believe  there  have  been  few 
buyers  in  market,  as  the  st^Ve  trade  woald 
be  one  of  the  very  first  branches  that  would 
»«  suspended  by  a  foreign  war.  ^  Prices  this. 
winter  will  have  to  depend  altogether  on  the 
question  of  peace,  the  prospect  for  which 
oQsht  to  b3  very  fair  to  insure  a  go')d  de- 
mand, as  staves  purchased  now  weuld  proba- 
bly not  get  through  to  New  York  until  aboui 
Jalv.  The  receint  of  staves  by  the  Detroit 
and  Milwaukee  Railway  the  past  year  was 
3,998,982,  part  of  which  were  barrels.  The 
receipts  of  W.  I.  staves  are  believed  to  be  a 
little  under  last  year's  receipts. 


7,695 

t« • • •  • 

6,230 
1,607,767 
4,468,?11 

,-»i>X  ..is- 


We] 
of  mat 
daring 
llth«  I 
from  t 
season 
thongb 
inmidi 
eiyif  1 
on  her 
steame 
tbe<ab( 

Navi 
Huron  < 
to  Clevi 
Clevela 
Preble, 
the  Set 
baU. 
Gleyela 
TheBt( 
tween 
The  r«i 
by  the 

Navii 
open  I 
ftom  t 
ef  the] 
reached 
propell( 
thesam 

Navi{ 
23d  of 
through 
which  1 
25th~d 
propellc 
of  the  81 
the  Ne 
f-Ogdensl 
thing  re 
1861,  at 

.1 '  u  ] 

the.o  b 
afloat  ac 
mary  of 
on  that) 


fieamfn. 
Prooellen 
Barks. 
BriKS, 
ecb'rs    io 
isg  Bcoi 

Thep 
March  a 
ly;  Maj 
and  Oct< 
l>er,NW 

Seam 


B 


IyI      18.M7 

1},     »2.[!ii 

ll    .; ;   ■..        •••••• 

ri'f   -Sim 


99 


)»  .' 
(*,  '/ 

i 
> 
) 
I 
) 
I 
5 
I 
i 
8 
2 
1 
0 
9 
i 
7 
) 
1 
1 
) 
1 
0 
A 
IB 

«>    ■; 

4 

0 

6 

8 

0 

7 

17 

0 


14,196 
80^519 

15.978 
4.136 

S7'.60J 
4,672 

980 
6.447 
6,458 
1.620 

875 

saias 

iy.806 

44i584 

5.S69 

1L191 

iKro 

7.14S 

§0)645 
W40 


7.695 

6,230 
1,607,757 
4,468,711 

-.in,  -!■ 


MtdstaveB 
roes  M.  Of 
)d  on  the 
Banroad, 
;he  rnling 
e  foreign 
I  the  pe- 
Ihere  was 
demand  I 
112,00.— 
sod,  bat 
'tained  of 
lona  with 
been  few 
le  woald 
It  wonld 
ices  this 
er  on  (he 
vc  which 
|oid  de* 
Id  proba> 
itil  abouu 
>  Detroit 
jrear  was 
s.  The 
dtobe  a 


HatliMt 

We  herewith  present  an  abstract  statement 
of  matters  connected  with  oar  Lake  marine 
daring  the  season  of  1861,  commencing  March 
lltb«  at  which  date  steamers  were  rnnning 
from  this  to  points  above,  and  doshigthe 
season's  operations  with  December  81st, 
thoogh  at  this  time  navigation  is  still  open  as 
in  midsommer,  and  the  propeller  Montgem- 
eiy  is  npward  bound  from  BnfUo  to  Chicago 
on  her  retnm  trip  from  the  latter  place.  This 
steamer  we  learn  will  continne  rnnning  on 
tbe.above  route  until  navigation  finally  closes. 

Navigation  between  this  port  and  Port 
Hnron  commenced  on  the  11th  of  March,  and 
to  Cleveland  the  16th.  The  first  arrival  from 
Cleveland  per  sail-vessel  was  the  Schooner 
Preble,  with  a  cargo  of  coal— from  Toledo, 
the  Schooner  Freeman,  Oapt.  Clark  W<  New- 
ball.  The  first  arrival  by  steamer  from 
Cleveland  was  the  May  Qneen,  Capt.  Viger. 
The  Steamer  Pearl  conamenced  plying  be- 
twfsen  this  port  and  Maiden,  March  14th. 
The  raute  was  occupied  previous  to  that  date 
by  the  Steamer  Clara,  for  some  two  weeks. 

Navigation  to  Bnfiido  from  this  port  was 
open  April  9tfi,  and  the  first  arrival  here 
from  that  lucaUty  was  the  propeller  Queen 
®f  the  Lakes,  Captain  Crary,  which  steamer 
reached  this  port  on  Thursday  the  11th.  The 
propeller  Iowa  arrived  from  same  port  on 
the  same  day.  :"■,        .^ .. '.^'-i ''\,.v 

Navigation  to  Chicago  was  resumed  on  the 
23d  of  April,  the  first  propeller  passing 
through  the  Straits  being  the  Prairie  State, 
which  steamer  reached  here  Thursday  the 
25lh— during  the  (orenocu,  ^followed  by  the 
propeller  Montgomery.  During  the  afternoon 
of  the  same  day,  four  others  arrived,  viz:—- 
the  Neptunef,  Granite  State,  Michigan  and 
'  Ogdensbnrgh.  We,  of  course,  can  state  no- 
thing relative  to  the  dosing  of  navigation  in 
"'H%\,  as  up  te  the  dose  of  the  year  it  re- 
'/lalued  an  open  question. 

i  ut  hardly  necessary  to  state  that  at  lao 
y.co'  9  seasoA's  commerce  of  the  lakes  has 
the.  o  been  so  many  steam,  and  sail  craft 
afloat  as  that  of  1861.  The  foUowhig  sum- 
mary of  vessels  passing  this  port  will  explain 
on  tbathead: 


rABSIDOP.  i.     .. 

No.  tlitiei. 

I860.  1861. 

Heamtn.          t^O  l,aiu 

Pfooellen.        sao  l.ti09 

Barks.                57B  tOi 

Brba,                 <tt6  61S 

Sch'rt    Includ-  .^„ 

inR  Scows     3,410  S.970 


riSUB  Dovir, 

No,  times. 

1860.     1861 

Stcamen'.  v65 


Bui 


5(>3 
538 
nclud- 
iBg  Seowe,   3.440 


Brigs. 
JSch^ra 


1.^ 
1.6:x> 

793 
604 

6.040 


The  prevailing  winds  during  the  months  of 
March  and  April  were  northerly  and  wester- 
ly ;  May,  8E  and  southerly ;  June,  August 
and  October,  SW  and  southerly,  and  Novem- 
ber, NW. 

Seamen's  wagea  Jbave  ranged  daring  the 


sf.^ason  from  |16  p«r  month  to  |2.60  per  day. 
Soime  vessels  which  took  their,  departuxo 
quite  late  for  Chicago  paid  seamen  as  high  as 
three  dcUars  per  day. 

There  has  been  engaged  in  the  towing  ser- 
vice be<tween  lakes  Erie  and  Huron  no  less 
than  fprty-one  tugs,  in  Mackinac  Straits  one 
only,  on  iSaginaw  Biver  from  two  to  three, 
and  Saginaw  river  two  only.  Of  the  number 
first  mentioned  17  are  side-wheel  tugs  and 
24  screw  stMunera. 

We  are  unable  at  present  to  give  but  a 
hasty  sketch  relative  to  Lake  marine  afifairs, 
and  only  in  pa\rt.  The  particulars  relative  to 
disasters  and  ItMs  of  life,  &c.,  dM.,  will  short- 
ly be  forthcoming. 

J.  W.  HALL,  Marine  S«pofl«r. 
'"?-^'        AOKSOWLBDOHSnT* '».'-'>"'  V^r.ili:. 

We  acknowledge  ourselves  greatly  Iniiebt- 
ed  to  tbe  kindness  of  J.  H.  Mem,  Esq.  Audi* 
tor  of  the  D.  and  M.  B.  B.,  and  J.  H.  Mas< 
TBS,  Esq.,  of  the  statistical  department  of  the 
M.  C,  B.  B.,  who  have  furnished  us  with  a 
mass  of  niost  valuable  matter,  part  of  which 
we  are  compelled  to  reserve  for  use  hereaf- 
ter. These  genUemen  can  have  no  superiors 
in  their  profession.  We  also  feel  greatly  in- 
debted to  the  clerks  of  the  customhouse,  the 
various  railroad  ofSces,  and  other  friends  for 
their  kindness  ard  courtesy. 

Report   of  th«   Snperlntendeikt  of  tli»! 
Saolt  Caaal. 

We  are  in  possession  of  the  Annual  Re- 
port of  Gao.  W.  Bbown,  Esq.,  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Sault  Canal.  It  is  a  suc- 
cinct and  buQiness-like  document,  and  pre- 
sents a  very  satisfactory  exhibit  of  the  busi- 
ness of  the  Canal  for  the  past  year,  in  spite 
of  the  diminution  of  traflSc.  While  the  re- 
ceipts are  one-third  less  than  last,  and  nearly 
the  same  amount  has  been  expended  <m  the 
embankment,  the  expenses  are  less  by  one- 
third  than  in  1860.  Mr.  Bbowr  awards 
much  credit  to  the  Board  of  Control  for  their 
economical  management  of  affairs. 

Mr.  BsowH  presents  some  facts  and  figures 
to  prove  that  the  law  regulating  tolls  operates 
onerously  upon  steamers  for  the  benefit  of 
sail  crafD.  While  only  $4,188  20  has  been 
received  frvm  232  sail  vessels,  295  steam 
vessels  have  paid  $12,4l4  78  ;  yet  it  is  as- 
serted that  it  costs  as  much,  if  not  more,  to 
lock  the  above  number  of  sail  vessels  than  it 
does  the  above  number  of  steamers,  indud- 
ing  damage  to  gate  locks,  piers  and  embank- 
ments.   We  quote : 

'-The  time  is  not  far  distant  when  a  policy  will 
have  to  be  inansurated  that  will  seoore  a  regular 
line  of  vew)l»  that  will  ran  pa  this  route  and  no 


r 

r 


M 


40 


oilur  firom  U*  opmlag  ol  uk^lgttiMi  tiirJie  eloaa. 
I  will  BWntkNi  another  raaioo  why  lUui  VMSelf 
fhotoldlMT«tihepref«nnoaM  to  puaaga  through 
tbtOuutl.  Almoflt  every  nil  Ton«I  curies  one< 
qUMter  mora  burden  thin  her  enrolled  toinage, 
while  the  steun  reaaele,  en  aooonnt  of  the  space 
Moaptod  hy  their  machinery  and  coal,  never  carry 
to  axoeed  one-half  of  their  enrolled  toooage,  ez- 
oepi  the  prapellen,  whieh  <arry  naoaliy  within 
one-quarter  of  their  enrolled  tonnvie.  The 
iteamer  North  Star,  for  inatanoe,  ivcnrolled  at 
1,106  taoB,  and  pays  tolls  to  the  amount  of  966 
36  every  time  she  passes  through  the  Canal'  and 
noTor  carries  over  bOO  tons  of  fireight  The  Star 
is  not  an  ezoepticm.  The  rule  holds  good  in  the 
easw  of  all  side-wheel  steameis.  The  steamers 
carry  pa— ngenr  and  the  mah,  and  run  on  this 
line  and  no  other,  with  or  without  freight  The 
reason  why  st«f>m  Tessels  are  easier  and  more 
quieklylockodjis  this,  they  can  hadle  themselyes 
in  the  locks.  When  the  gates  are  opened,  they 
pass  on  i  but  the  sail  vessels  very  often  have  to 
be  drkwn  firom  one  lock  to  the  other  by  hand.  Also 
in  passing  in  and  out  of  the  Oaoal  they  have  to  be 
managed  and  controlled  by  hand,  and  oonsequant- 
lyeolUsionB  are  frequent  a  jinavddable  with 
the  ntes,  canal  walls  and  pie;  . 

"It  may  be  Interesting  to  yc  thepeoide 

of  the  8tat^  to  know  where  tliu>.  vessels  are 
0  wned,  and  tiius  determine  who  pays  the  t<dk— 
the  expenses  of  Uie  Canal. 

"  The  sail  vessebi,  with  one  or  two  exoepUons, 
are  owned  by  parties  out  oi  the  State,  if  I  am  to 
judge  by  their  place  of  enrollment.  Two  of  the 
p«qpellen,  the  Iron  City  and  Northern  Light,  are 
owned  or  enrolled  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  Also  the 
siderwheel  steamer  North  Star.  The  balance,  the 
steamers  (Hty  of  Cleveland,  Illinois,  Cleveland, 
Planet,  Uiohigau,  and  tlie  Sea  Bird,  and!  pro- 
peUen  Globe,  ICineral  Book,  and  General  Taylor, 
are  owned  in  this  State. 

"  The  tonnage  of  vessels  supposed  to  be  owned 
in  tiiis  State  is  146,8BB  tons,  and  have  paid  tolls 
to  the  amount  of  •8,991  30,  Tonnage,  supposed 
to  be  owned  out  of  the  State,  firom  the  place  of 
euoUment,  126,778  tons,  paying  tolls  to  the 
amount  of  $7,606  58. 

'*  It  would  appear  that  the  tonnage,  and  there- 
fore toe  tolls,  are  about  equally  divided  Itetween 
the  people  of  this  State  and  the  people  of  other 
States.  The  dilFerence,  however,  of  23.077  tons, 
and  toils  of  91,384  62  is  in  favor  of  Miolugan. 

"  It  wiU  no  longer  be  elaimed  that  Michigan 
pays  but  a  fraction  of  the  tol]s,and  therefore  shonid 
not  have  the  legal  right  to  control  and  manaiS^ 
the  Oi.nal  aooordin|(  to  the  best  interests  of  all 
ooaeened."     ^-^  »■'_;«'>    -^^   ■■*-^-~  ■  x-— 

Berides  the  reoomueDdatibn  implied  in  the 
above  statement,  the  Superintendent  recom- 
mend* the  passage  of  the  act  authorizing  the 
Board  of  Control  to  remove  the  obstruction 
in  the  'direr  part  of  the  canal,  and  a  change 
of  tline  for  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  office 
of  the  8aperlntend«nL    Healso  npooiBMiidf 


the  passing  of  a  jofaii  leMdntion  oaUing  iqton 
the  General  Ooremment  to  repair  the  fort 
and  adopt  such  other  means  as  may  be 
thought  best  to  guard  tihe  caDfd. 

The  following  is  a  oompahidve'ibtitemeBt 
showing  the  receipts,  expenses,  and  amount 
deposited  for  a  term  of  years  : 

i>«i>ositediHth 


i1 


,«1  :  >x  BioJii)  i'li 


Beedptt, 

1856 S   4,37i.«6 

vm. tmM 

1867. 9.400.74 

1868. ia888  87 

1889 16.941.84 

186r 8SH8.80 

1861 16,672.16 


Slate  TNaS'r. 


S  8h^J7.48 

11,1(142 
16vW»» 
IQ.1W.67 


§,499.87 
9.789.34 
9,78670 
6,(B7.6S 


Tablb  ihowioK  the  number  of  Tons  of  Ooppar,  Ireo  and 
Oraln,  Ao.,  pawios  throush  the  Oanal  for  the  jaar 
1861, 


Articles.  Total. 

Tons  ooppar  Ore,  7,646 

ToDBlro'  Ore,  44,8S6K 

TonaPlitl'on,  8^484 

Tons  iroB  Bara  7WX 
Tons  Groaad  reed,  1,71134 

Tona  Powder,  SzejK 

Fioar,  bbla.  23.743 

Wheat,  bo,  328 

Ooane  Gtala.  76,830 

B«ef,  bbls.  1,961 

Forlcbbls,  2,713 

Bacon,  bbla,  680 

Lard,  bbla,  3!9 

Butter,  lbs,  217,712 

Oheeie.  lbs,  69,014 

TtUow,  lbs,  \^m 

Oandlea  lbs,  99,116 
Soap,  box  and  bbla,  1,926 

Aoplea.  bbls,  3,M1 

Dried  WrCi,  lbs,  44,9% 

Snnr,  lbs,  282,390 

OoBue,  baas,  60S 

Tea,  chests,  765 

Teaetables,  bn,  14,479 

Salt,  bblk  3,014 

yiaesarrbbla,  aei 


.Articles. 
Tobacco,  \\m, 
Ooa),  tons. 

Mer^smie, 
Lime,  bbr 
IiBmber, 


ihlna'  ^ 
tatfa,  M, 


VotaL 
4,200 

una,  4.7g« 

1,840 
438. 


Win^o-7  Glata. 
Hay  tdnt, 
Botaaa  and  Hales. 
Oattle^beada, 
Sheep,  heads. 
Hogs. 
Briok,  M. 
Vumlture.  pea. 

Hides.  . 

Vurs  and  Pelts,  bdla,  11244 
Maohinerr,  tras,        4K^ 


2.660 
1,109 
987 
4K 
6,967 
1.42S 


jtagimeiand 
wasoDsand 
rsh,  bbla. 
Liquor,  bbla^ 
Malt.  lbs. 
Passengers, 


iiers. 

^'i.iSx 

7,142 

32,032 

9,W 


Chw  ItAke  BapeHor  Timilo* 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  our  leading 
exports  to  Lake  Superior  last  season,  as 
gleaned  from  the  books  of  our  shippers.  We 
have  forwarded  about  one-third  more  flour 
than  Glevehuad  and  Chicago  ccMubined,  irtiidi 
was  far  from  being  the  oaae  in  1880.  Our 
city  is  gradually  attaining  the  poslti<m  in 
reference  to  this  important  teade  to  Which 
she  is  naturally  entitled: 


r 


AleohoLbbls. 
Apples,  bb 


_,,.„.  jbls 3.728 

Afe  and  beer,  bbls. . .  4,«68 

Beef,  bbls 1,046 

Butter,  lbs 324.330 

Bacon,  boxes 20 

Beans,  bn ^866 

Oom,  bu 6,309 

Cattle,  No 1,3!8 

Cheese,  boxes 966 1  Shoulders,  bbla. 


[Vj- 


Meal,  bbls 2,a3 

M^Lbass 3,lS3 

Niffis,  kegs 1,216 

Oats,  bn 40,806 

Oillbbls SS 

Pork,  bbls 1.577 

Potatoes,  ban 3^608 

Peis  bu 227 

Seeds,  pkas 1% 

9 


Sheep.  No 1,073 

Sugar,  bbla 1.488 

Soap,  boxes 1,248 

Bait;  bbls, rsi 

Tea,  X  chests 496 

Tobaooo.  pkii 
"      lar,  bbla. 


OandleG.  boxes., 3,0701 

Dresatd  hogs,  No 90  1 

IMed  frotta.bbIa....  4441 

Bags,  bbls .."701 

FToui.  bbla 14,066' 

Peed.bngs 4,618'    .  .  _ 

Glass,  bcxes 648  V.nvKar,  bbiF. 387 

Hams,  bbhi 948  Wbiskf .  bbla..... 1.812 

Hogs.  No 606  Wheat,  bu..    18 

Iron,  bars.... 1,841  iHaf.  tons 941 

][ion.bnnd SOSlLlme,  bbls.. 9a<t 

Lwd.  bkls. aSBi  Wines  andiUaors,  bj^la  803 

Lfs#y,r.olls,..M..  HI 


bae  "!)M'rf   'rft   "^  "-'t  HiJT  ;.aaz  -^'^-wr  ''  >  oaii 


;»,Ti  (lli>   i> 


:i.i 


riiflfl'i 


.AKB    I 

Raported  f( 

Id  relat 

nperior,! 
ememb<>] 
raordinai 
Jopper,  p 
dversity 
old,  in  J 
ash,  the 
66e.    Ti 
lents,  eaa 
lassed  int 
onsequei 
861   can 
rices  ma 
]g  the  1 
er  prant! 
D  prices  1 
itio  ,  bi 
tanoes  oi 
rdinary  < 
llfttes  b&t 
houstind 
irodncFd 
emaindei 
'ennessei 
f  the  La] 
ipoD  the 
be  civil  v 
he  accuE 
Dortihs. 
anies    r 
ng     the 
he    low 
isastrou! 
owed  bj 
hem  Din 
if  ecoDon 
ited,  Be  t 
[mate,  c 
fthe  CO 
need  at 
ivea  to 
ably  rec 
rork,  aD< 
he  mice! 
rork.    0 
opper  ii 
inormoai 
be  coDtii 
aciility 
treferenc 
lotterdai 
irands 
^orks  ar 
lew  Yor 
iaaed  un 
Novemb 
>ral  gove 
!6  C3nt8, 


jalllDgiq^n 
■tr  the  Fort 
\B  tMf  be 

B'BtitemeBt 
vaA  amount 

Deported  iHth 


,/iKB    SUPBRIOR    COPPKR    MINKS. 
Annual  RcTleinr  for  1861<  ' 


*     11.1M« 
:»    Vkmit 

io.m.67 

mr.lNBMid 
.  r<ir  tE«  jf  a*r 

;     VoteL 

l,t40 

aales,      MS 

I.  2,660 

432 
»  6,967 

M,bdls.  1,2(4 
OM,         «8K 

»»!§»*     U 

^1.14»3< 
7.148 
^       X032 

„■•    ^  WW 

■  ,. .?  '"•■■' 

Mta, 

oor  leading; 

•easoD,  u 

ippen.   We 

more  floor 

lined,  ii4iidi 

1880.    Oar 

poeltkm  in 

le  to  which 


2,013 

3,IS3 

l,a«6 

vt,m 

496 

hsn 

tf a^eoK 

, 227 

1& 

t>lt 9 

1.073 

, 1,488 

»#••••••■•«  X»*^i 

7Sl 

S:::::::::  ^ 

i. 887 

I.... 1,812 

18 

S41 

903 

inonVbito.  803 


41 


Rworted  for  the  Deb'olt  Da*If  Tribona  bf  Sup«e.  B«ok 
A  Skylea.  Boston.] 

Id  relation  to  the  Mining  Interesfs  of  Lake 
aperior.the  year  jast  now  closed  will  bA  long 
emembored  as  having  witnessed  the  most  ex- 
aordinary  flactnations  in  the  prices  of  Ingot 
lopper,  prodncing  thereby,  the  extremes  of 
dversity  and  prosperity.  This  metal  was 
old,  in  Joly,  at  aeTentean  cent)  per  ponnd, 
,  the  lowest  price  in  the  market  since 
860.  Tihday  boldera  refuse  twenty-seren 
flDts,  eash.  Be^  ii)  the  present  steok  has 
assed  into  the  hands  of  tuaDnfacttirlirB,  and, 
ODseqnently,  before  the  profits  of  ttaining  in 
861  can  be  accarately  ascertained,  the 
rices  may  have  advanced  to  figures  exceed- 
ag  the  maximam  of  1867,  cr  thirty  cents 
«r  pinnd,  four  months.  These  flactnations 
Q  prices  have  not  been  the  result  ot  specn- 
atio  ,  bnt  have  been  caused  by  the  diatur- 
tanoea  of  trade,  all  over  the  world.  The 
irdinary  consumption  of  copper  in  the  United 
Itates  has  usually  been  estimated  at  twelve 
bousiind  tons  per  annual.  Lake  Superior 
»rodncFd  in  1860,  sil  thonsa  id  tons.  The 
emainder  was  obtained  principally  from 
lenoessee,  Canada  and  Cbili.  The  opening 
f  the  Lake  navigation,  ia  May  last,  brought 
ipoD  the  market,  already,  ia  consequence  of 
be  civil  war.overstocked  with  foreign  copper, 
he  accumulated  preduct  of  the  previous  six 
Qouthe.  The  necessities  of  several  oom- 
lanies  required  immediate  sale.',  reduc- 
ng  the  price  in  one  instance,  to 
he  low  rate  named  above.  But  the 
isastrous  prices  were,  after  all.  foi* 
owed  by  positively  beneficial  re&uits  to 
he  m  Ding  intere<<td.  A  most  rigid  system 
if  economical  managBment  has  been  iaaugur- 
ited,  se  that  every  uianaj^er  can  give  an  es- 
mate,  closely  approximating  to  the  truth, 
ftbe  CO  t  per  pound  of  ignot  copper  pro- 
need  at  his  mine.  A  new  impulse  has  been 
iven  to  the  study  of  the  machinery  for  prof- 
ably  reducing  the  lower  grades  of  stamp- 
rork,  and  to  the  sub  dilution  of  railways,  ia 
he  mices,  for  band  barrows  and  heavy  cbain- 
rork.  On  the  other  hand,  the  low  prices  of 
opper  in  the  American  markets  induced 
normous  shipments  to  Europe,  especially  to 
be  continent,  where  its  peculiar  qualities  of 
aciility  and  toughness  procured  for  it  the 
ireference  ia  the  finer  manufactures.  Ia 
lotterdam,  Antwerp,  Havre,  and  Pari  J,  the 
trands  of  the  several  American  aoielting 
rorks  are  as  well  known  as  in  Boston  and 
lew  York.  The  exportation  of  capper  con- 
ioaed  until  the  price  rose  to  21  or  22  cents 
November.)  Large  purchases  by  the  f  ed- 
ral  government  caused  a  rapid  advanse  to 
15  csnts,  (December,)  and  American  copper 


was  actually  re  shipped  from  Havre  to  New 
York. 

BiLce  the  tariff  of  August  last,  importa- 
tions from  Chili,  the  main  source  of  the  sap* 
Jly  of  copper  from  abroad,  have  gradfMUy 
edined,  and  such .  is  the  derangement  w 
foreign  commerce,  that  the  supplies  from  shi« 
country  must  be  comparatively  small  for 
many  months  hence.  From  ail  these  praa- 
ises  tbe-e  will  be  a  short  supply,  unless  oott- 
siderable  lots  can  be  returned  from  abroad 
free  of  duty,  till  the  opening  of  navigation 
in  May,  1862. 

Looking  back  upon  the  part  year  aa  Um 
most  disastrous,  fioancially,  since  1887,  those 
interested  in  the  mines  of  Lake  Superior  maj 
coT3gratulate  themselves,  that  but  iesi  of  the 
adventures  have  been  suspended,  that  bui 
few  calls  have  been  made  upon  the  share* 
holders,  and  that  nearly  all  the  mines  now  ia 
progress  are  earniog  dividends,  or,  at  leask 
are  self-sustaining.  A  careful  inspection  of 
the  published  reports  of  the  principal  com* 
panies  show  that  the  cost  of  production,  fai- 
cluding  every  item  down  to  the  charges  of 
the  commission  merchant,  need  not  exceed 
thirteen  and  a  half  cents  per  lb.  at  the  richer 
mmes,  nor  ndore  than  eighteen,  or,  possibly, 
nineteen  dents,  at  the  poorer  mines. 
Estimate  orprodaotlon  of  Ingot  or  refined  Oopper.  In 

tons  o'  two  tbou<iand  poundi,  from  the  mines  of  Lt  * 

Superior,  from  IMS  to  the  olose  of  navlicaUoa  In  18 

Average 
Tons,  per  too. 
From  1945  to  1854,  Inclnslvely. 

(fr jm  J.  D.  •Whitne»'e  figures;  7,642  •  ■■■■■•-.     .-.  n 
From  IS^  to  1857,  Inclaalvely . .  .11,313 

18.9S4  «500  S9.47740O 

Blilpmenta  oflSSS  4.10O tone,  less  .  ,^  ^,,  .  ^.,  ,^ 

«00  tons  iaduled inl867 8.600  460  1.610,000 

ShlpmonteoflHU 4,aJU  460  l,9ai,0Q0 

Shipments  of  1860 6,000  420  2,S«.0ro 

Shipments  of  IHSl .7,400  4ii0  8.180,000 

Total 40,064^     ,     •1^719.000 

Statement  of  cash  prices  of  Lake  Superior  Ingot  Oopper. 
In  each  month,  ft  jm  January.  1857,  to  i>eoemb»v« 
1861.  The  pr'.Qes  are  substantially  the  average  of  each 
month 

1«57.     1868.    1'69.     1>;60.     1861. 

January 28X      19>4      ^4      aiH      Wk 

February 29         i!4         25      26         19jJ 

March... 27^      24        24      -a        1»2 

April 27X       2iX       23^    23X       19^ 

May 27         21>i      2J      nn      19 

June...i i«6K      22H      21X   21X       18>i 

July ao}<      22         a2H    aiX       17>4 

AuBUS* ^4X       21><       S'4      20>i       17X 

Beptember 24         23>»      2JK    '^V,^      20,^ 

October 24  ia>i       ai>i2IJ<       vOX 

November 2lX      23         '^2      2U>t      Ua 

Deoembe- 20         3i>i       23      20         -45 

Oompartlvetab  e  of  sbtDmentgOi  rou«h  copper  nom 

Lake  Superior,  during  the  seasons  ot  ItJStf,  1860  and 

1361.   Toe  weights  of  tbebtfreiB  nave  been  deducted 

and  the  resuits  are  given  In  toes  (2  OUO  lbs.)  and  teaths, 

KswauiAW  oiBTaior,    ^„^_^  ^^^ 

1869.         188?.  1861. 

Amygdaloid. la*e  Oonneotlcut    ....  ....         ,^ 

Oentral 172.8  78.6         168. 

Olark 6.6  .7.2 

Ooonectisut 24.  63  .... 

Capper  Vails 329.4         82a.  872. 

Kagle  River 6.  ....  .... 

(Jarden  Oily ....  10.3 

North  Amerioan 8.7  ....         •33.9 

North-west 73.8         103.6  62.8 

Phoealx 82.  aU  46.9 

Plttsburs  and  Boston 1,254.6      1,867.        1,4U6.6 

Summit ^.  ••••  ■••• 

1,910.3      1.910.8       nJl 


\l 


m 

m 


42 


«rs! 


-«Sf.fx:  f; 


IBmbt  ud  Botton. 
I.  ODonglaM. 


POBTAOa  LAXI  DUTBIOT. 

im.     1S60. 


tmnkltB 


24 


luooek 
raron 


letnwd. 
%«htblo  . 
>ertMe.. 


aw,?       «67. 
7.8 
7.4         7.8 
«. 
734.4   1.^8 

a7 

..      806.        860. 


1.683,1   8.0.'i6 
OHTOBAOOV  DIETBIOT. 


1869. 


I860.    . 

£9  7 

4.9 


Adrentnre 189.4 

ih(in1u.*>«. • 8. 

.ewMD  Binff. 27.       41.9 

dntSteel  River _ 

ftinUtoD 7.  7,9 

lowlton ..«•» 

SI 12.8 
DM«t« I.«i8.«      2,188.4 
loi 


snal 
Jorwioh.. 

Eooklaiidi 
RBMrior.. 
VdUm.... 


823.2 
0.8 
29. 

85.4 

278 

847. 

1.7 

9.4 


727.8 
"4 


22. 

862.7 

14. 


Ktweenaw  Dlftrlot... 
Portal* 

OBtanaRon     " 
Ponapice  Uonntun.. 
Boadry  minet 


2,597.6 

1859. 

1,910.3 

1.638.1 

a.697.tf 


8.610.7 
1860L 
1.9ia8 
8,0646 
3,610.7 
S0.5 
76 


4.708.6 


1^61. 
8.3 

7.6 

70.6 

1.6 

11.4 

1.880.4 
943. 
7.3 

81. 
4R<t. 

8.476.7 

2,1519 
4,708.6 
8.476.7 


— .  6.041       8,614.3     10,837.2 

*IM»a  tilbaton.  The  mine  now  belongs  to  the  Pitte* 
iHUih  and  Boston  Oo. 

The  gradual  rise,  through  the  month  of 
October,  of  the  price  of  Ingot  copper  has 
Shen  more  strength  to  the  market  for  min- 
faig  shares,  and  Talnes  have  risen  steadily 
without  much  ezdtement.  The  best  feature 
of  the  market  is,  that  buyers  and  sellers  look 
iHtti  much  more  care  than  formerly  into  the 
Bserits  of  Uie  stock  in  which  they  operate.— 
RflDce,  while  tixere  are  some  anomalies  of 
,  I 


prices,  higher  or  lower,  relaiively,  than  tli 
actual  conditions  warrant,  the  cases  of  ei 
traordinary  diflbrraces  are  not  more  commc 
than  in  other  classes  of  stocks.  In  othi 
wor^B,  the  probabilities  of  profit  and  loss  ai 
getting  to  be  as  'ntelligently  discussed 
mining  a>  in  manufacturing  or  railroad  iuTeii 
ments. 

Closikg  QuoTATioirs,  December  31,  1861. 
TAll  the  Mining  Coaipsnies  are  organised  wii 
20,000  shares]  Copper  Falls,  5.12  to  6.60  ;  Geg 
tral.O  to6.26;  Franlilin,  IB  to  18.50;  Haneocl 
3.26  to  3  50 1  rsle  Roy  ale,  11 .76  to  12 1  Mesnar 
137  to  1.60;  Minnesota,  6676  to  67;  Nationi 
32  to  33  ('  Petlieriok,  1.60  to  2 ;  Pewabio,  24  60 1 
26 ;  Pittsbargh  and  Boston,  43.60  to  44 ;  Pontit 
0.50  to  0.76;  Quinoy,  3360  to  34;  BocUand, 
to  16.60;  Superior,  2  to  3;  Toltec,  1.37  to  l.E( 


Fl« 


Id  Grain  In  Store  la  Detroit. 


The  stoclc  of  floar  in  Detroit  to-day,  Jan.  31,  i 
as  follows: 

At  MIohican  Central  depot  bbis Bn.l80 

At  Detroit  itnd  Mil  vaakee  depot S6  090 

At  urand  Trunk  depot 1,100 

In  private  warehonses 81,175 

ToU' , .P7.4J6 

Dedaot  thronsh  ireliiht. 78.690 

Leaves  stook  on  band 28.806 

[Among  the  through  freight  la  inoladed  2,501 

bUs.  owned  here,  consigned  mt.] 
The  stock  on  hand  at  the  close  of  navigaUoi 

was  almost  nothing. 
The  stock  of  grain  on  hand  ia  as  follows : 

Wheat.  Oorn.  Oats.      Rn 

M.  0.  Kleva^or. IfS.nnO  98  roO  21.000      — 

D.  and  M  BlflTator....  18,000  a7(.0       

Other  Blavatora  and 

warehonaes 791W) — —      8,(0 

163,100      101700     '211900      86 

The  stock  of  wheat  on  hand  26th  Deo.,  1861, 

was  129.400  bu;  oorn  77,000  bo.;  oats,  39,700  bi 


,1   ) 


rely,  than  tU 
caaes  of  e^ 
more  commoi 
ks.  In  othd 
t  and  loss  aq 
discQBsed 
ailroad  invc 

)er  31.  1861. 
organised  wid 
2  to  550  ;  Ced 
3.50;  Haneo«|j 
)  12 1  Meanaii 
0  67 }  Nationil 
iwabio,  24  60t 
to  44;  Pootii 
i  Bockland,  11 
,0, 1.37  to  1.65f 

Im  Detroit. 

day,  Jan.  31,  i 

«n.MO 

SSOM 

::::::::::mS  •« 

M.4P6 

.....78.  WO 

.38,806 

inoladed  2,50 

I 

ie  of  navigati 

1b  follows : 

I.      Otto.     R}tj 

0       21.000 
0 

8^ 

lO    siMO    n[ 

25th  Deo.,  1861J 

oati,  30,700  bt 


.<iui-     ■■•    wilt; 


G-AJNBON  &  CO. 


i  V/' 


STOVE 


t 
« 


TOVESI 


*^il.•i!•'        «(«*■■:(       «tf-.      ,!;*.■,    -r-V  V...R! 


^**  <l^l>  ♦♦■ 


We  are  manufacturing  Stoves  at  our  Foundry,  Hamtramck, 

IN"    EVERY    Vi^EIETY, 

M  y%  ■  ^''k        '■^•/? '".-^^  t       BOTH    FOTL      ~^^^  '^a^i'  ''^^  ^^    ^  ^^' 

eooiiiii  m  mmim 

Purposes,  and  solicit  the  patronage  of  intending  purchasers. 

,  'The  advantages  in  buying  from  Home  manufacturers  are  numerous,  and 
it  would  be  well  for  dealers  to  consider  them  before  purchasing  elsewhere. 


f.s-... 


w...,"^-.r:-^?.c    aA.N80N   &  CO. 


0£GLce,  180  Woodward  Ave., 


»«a 


..'  •     -..xy.  a    A     .-iVJi      Xr 


TOWN  &  SHELDEN, 


'^<^ 

»:•"? 


w 


»  'K'' 


..a 


(SuooesBors  to  Z.  Chandler  &  Oo.,) 


**     ^'.  i  ,*. 


&s 


W 


•T«r 


IMPOR'FERS  AND  JOBBERS 


«. ,  ..  .- 


J'    .-    ■     :  A.-, 


IVoo  ^3  Woodward  Avenue, 


e.  OHANDLBR,  Special  Partner, 
REUBEN,  TOWN, 
ALLAN  SHELDEN. 


1 


DETiilT,  MICH. 


i.i 


FARRAND,  SHELEY  &  CO. 

.  •■        .'  V  ^'^J*  \  \.     )•■      /' 


-4--'    ■   ..*^^ 


WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 

DRUGS  &  GROCERIES 

Paints,  Oils,  Window  Glass, ' 

VARtttsHEs,  tmmtz,  etc. 


No.    SO   "^^oodward.    -A^venne, 


i!  H 


^ 


J.  S.  FARRAND, 

A.  SHELKY; 

WM.  0.  WILLIAMS. 


DETROIT,  Mich. 


'tt^^^t^^S^^^^^^^nf^^f^f^^^t^** 


,ii' 


JOMiiiN  &  m 


LEi 


9 


AND  COxlMISSION  MERCHANTS,   r 


oils,  Hwii  snmu,  miccii,  fish,  silt,  m\ 


f-T'' 


^■**     -Z'/'-k  ■^ 


GLASS,  NAE.S,  LEAD,  WOODEN  WARE,  &0., 
21  "Wood-ward  ^vemie. 


H 
Q 

HI 
H 

Q 


p.  PARSONS,  Bpecial  Partner,; 
WALDO  M.  JOHNSON, 
R.  O.  WHEELER.  ' 


W 


DiTieii 


:s 


eh. 


rs 


"I 


5, 


m 


C?*,?:.. 


]4 

ii 
Pi 

1 


Gteat  MiMd'^  to  ClMbth^Spebial  TnnrwM  <^««  iSumi^Otiiy. 


»>» 


Jtuponflng  t»«»«!iteti<k<lreqnest,th«t   _  „      -  .  

CWm  on  ac-Aivorftbl*  ttfVma  n  tfa*  ITew  YoA  TWftsrtia  U  offlrM  t—tn  view  of  th«  bard  tInMi,  «b4  (be  f«t 


w«  Mhoald  ftirnllh  the  DBTROIT  WBEKLT  TRIBUHB** 

_       _ _  :  THb'jfke  U  olfrf*  t— tn  view  of  th«  bard  tInMi,  «b4  the  f«t 

that  w«  are  now  enabDftd  to  1>ay  paper  cheaper  than  we  have  hrrrtofor*  done,  and  ohaaMrttaaa 'tv  o4ii 
lume  to  do  after  the  war,  and  at  an  fndooemont  to  PoatmaBtera  andothi>ra  to  exert  themwiyaatogut  op 
tfnw— wa  propoae,  for  the  nreiieni  nenson  only,  to  tend  the  Dbtroit  Wbiklt  TaiapaatoOItibaof  n«w 
•abaeriboraat  the  following  GREATLY  REDUCSD  RATES,  payable  invariably  in  advaaee. 

TBBHIS,  AD1MBBS8BD  TO  BJ  OXI  SUBSORIBBII. 

jingle  paper,  $1.00  per  year.  Single  copy  ordered  afn*  to  any  Pott  Oflloe  where  we  aand  a  paekaga 
|1  •  year  aa  aaoal.  ^  ' 

Tail  Coplea,  addrtttti  to  each  tuhstribtr,  $10,  and  an  <>x^ra  eopy  to  the  peraon  who  g«ta  np  the  01^. 

Twbrtt-Onb  ooplea,  addreued  lo  each  tubaeriber,  f  SO,  and  an  extra  copy  to  the  peraon  who  gala 
op  the  Olnb. 

FoBTT-Ona  ooplea,  addreued  to  each  tubteriber,  $40,  and  a  oopy  of  the  Tai^WaaxLT  TaTrnma  to  the 
patlon  who  geta  ap  the  Club :  or  Fortt-trrbb  ooplea,  addreaaed,  tM  $40,  and  a  oopy  of  the  "  Weekly  *>  to 
ih'a  peraon  who  geta  npthe  Ulub. 

Bbvbmtt.Two  coplea,  addrttttd  to  each  tubaeriber.  $70,  and  a  ropy  of  tlja  Daily  Tribvxb  to  the 
peraon  who  geta  np  the  ciab,  or  aevonty-Hevrn  coplea,  audreaMsd,  for  $70,  and  a  copy  of  (he ''  Weekly'  to 
the|>eraon  who  geta  up  the  Club,  iind  at  that  rate  for  any  largtr  number. 

TBBnS  TO  OliVBS  9BNT  TO  ONB  ADDRB88. 


Twelve  copies  to  one  address,  -  $10.00 
Twent7-five  copies  to  one  address  20.00 
Fifty.one  copies  to  one  address,  -     49.00 


Low  terma 


Sizty-flve  copies  to  one  address,     $60.00 
One  Hundred  copies  to  one  addveis,  76.00 


'  Therecnlar  price  for  aingle  anbacrlptlona  In  pnckngea  being  $1  a  year,  it  la  hoped  the  abava  very 
t  <  laba  otfer  romunertittun  autllolent  to  induce  Poatniaatera  and  othera  to  get  up  laMa  Olubt 
immediately.    The  aBove  terma  are  utered  for  thia  aea«oa  only,  for  reaaona  al van.  ~ 

THE  DETKOIT  WEEKLY  TUIBUNB  ia  now  in  Ita  Thirteenth  Year.  It  la  a  Larirer,  Cheaper, 
Had.  for  MIohigan  readera,  a  better  Fami  y  Mewapaper  thm  any  New  YorkAof  other  B«iHtom  Paper 
pubiiahed.  It  eontaina  Eight  Pu«ea  of  Snven  tiolatims  each,  and  ta  Ittrger  than  nnSKew  York  TVi&une. 
It  ftirniahea  to  Michigan  readera  all  Innportant  QenernlNewa,  aa  fatly  and  later  than  any  New  York  Paper, 
Md  Telagranhle,  Foreign,  Domeatio,  Eaatern  and  Home  Market  N«wa  three  to  foot  daya  later  than  any 
NeV  York  Weekly  Paper ,  which,  with  ita  Agrienltural,  Commerotal,  Mlaoellaneoua,  and  State  Newa  De- 
partment,— giving,  eaen  week,  a  aummnry  of  all  intereating  and  important  Looal  News  from  al  parts  of 
MKHilgan— Ita  devotion  to  the  Local  and  General  Intereataof  Mlohjsan— give  to  t|p  eolumna  attraetiona 
which  oitiaena  of  MIohigan  cannot  find  in  ANY  N«w  York  or  other  Baftern  Paper,  And  which  cannot  but 
mike  It  a  more  welcome  viaitor  to  the  Family  Circle,  the  Firmer,  Mecbanio,  Merchant,  or  Prolbsalonal 
Msn,  and  give  to  the  Dbtxoit  TaiBtTRB  auperlur  elairoa  to  their  patronage. 

Regular  reliable  oorroapondenta  with  each  of  tho  Michigan  Regimentatn  thaArmy.andlnWaahington. 
will  oonttnna  to  give  the  readeia  ol  Tss  Dbtboit  Tribdrb  fbli  and  accurate  aceounta  of  the  movedienta  of 
onKMichignn  Boldiera  daring  the  war,  and  of  the  doinga  of  Congreaa.  In  thia  feature,  Tb«  TribomS  baa  co 
aopSrlor  in  (he  State,  aait  haa  not  in  general  intertat  or  amount  and  variety  of  oarefully  aelected  newa  and 
Iwftlly  readiqg,  while  the  attention  paid  to  our  own.  Stale  nuUtera  makea  it  for  tne  Miobigan  reader, 
whettw  Farmer.  Meehanie,  or  other,  auperlor  to  any  Eaatern  paper. 

WBT  One  dollar  a  year  will  be  invariably  charged  for  each  eopy  ordered  addreited  to  tubaeribenl in  any 
of  the  inat  named  dab  paekagea. 

■9*  Baob  aabaorlber  to  the  Wbbv  ..t  Txisviib  aent  in  a  package,  oan  renew  bia  Bubaoriptlon,  at  the  end 
of  the  time  paid  for  tit  $1  a  year. 

Ki"  Wnen  a  Cab  haa  been  forwarded,  additiona  may  be  made  to  It  on  tb«  some  terma,  by  tbeperaon 
whe  arat  it  in. 
r  9^  Speoi0';n  coplea  aent  when  reqaeated.    Money,  properly  negiatered,  may  be  aent  to  aa^nai) 

THE  DETROIT  TRt-WEEKLY  TBIBTJNE 

b  pabllahed  every  Toesday,  Thoraday  aiid  Botatday  morniog,  and  sent  by  mail  to  all  parte,  on  the 
morning  of  pablieatton. 

,  Tbb  Tri- Wbiklt  TaiBirxB  eontaina  all  the  isteat  gMieral,  eommereial  and  market  newa  of  two  days  of 
tne  Dally.  For  thoae  who  can  only  get  a  trt-weekly.mali,  and,  in  these  esoiUug  tlmea  deaire  the  newa 
onMer  than  once  a  week,  it  la  the  obeapeat  and  beat  ^per  pabllahed. 

Tbbms,—$1  for  four  montha ;  Single  eopy  $3  per  annum :  two  ooplea,  $S ;  Ave  oopie«  to  oneaddren, 
|10 ;  any  larger  namber  at  aame  rote. 

THE   DETROIT   DAILY   TRIBUNE 

la  ttabllahed  Morning  and  Evening,  and  ia  aent  to  all  parts  of  the  State  by  the  ftrat  mail,  expreaa,  ridtread 
and  other  eopveyanee,  giving  the  sary  iatut  Tel««rapfa,  Comnneroial,  Marine,  Political  and  General  Hswa, 
Foreign  and  Domtstlo. 

TxBM.'^le  per  year;  t#o  eoplea,  fll ;  four  eopies,  $20. 


m4i  . '-i 


TBBltES   TO   IfBUrS   DBAI<Bil«. 

TheDiiLT,TBi-WssKi.Tor  WlxxLT  nUlBTOfs,  will  be  fnrnlahed  to  ]>e|l|k  Dealera  at  tlie  following 
ratea,  andaeni  by  dtail  or  byBxpreia,  on  any  oCtbe  Rnilroads  at  one  quarter  less  than  mall  rsteiu  vis.: 
The  DAILY  or  Tai  Wbxklt  Tribonb  at  the  i^te  of  $1 60  per  100,  fbr  twenty  «r  more  eoplea, 
The  Werklt  TBisvm  at  $t.eo  per  lOO  copies  where  100  are  ohKtred,  or  at  the  rate  of  $1.1 
26  to  100  copicB. 

'  Address,  .        H.  BAKNS  &  CO 


p«r  100  for 
,  Publuher$,  Jhtroit,Mieh, 


-ftir 


hMy. 


TltIBUNB«« 

•,  •n4thef«t 

i«lVM  to  gut  op 

0  C^abf  of  n<lr 


«n(l  •  paakag« 

tt  up  the  01^. 
lenon  who  gmi 

Frtuvkb  to  tha 
, "  Weekly  "  to 

TniBiriiR  to  the 
!'•  Weekly'  to 


M«,  fAo.oo 
dffeea,  7S.00 

the  above  very 
up  lanp»  ClUbi 

urtter,  Ohenper, 
BftHtorn  Paper 
Yotk  mbutu. 
w  York  Paper, 
Inter  than  any 
liste  Newt  De- 
om  nl  partaof 
nna  sttraetioni 
lioh  eansot  but 
or  Profiutonal 

fnWaahlngtoD. 
)  moveiiKnta  of 
rRiBOMli  has  EO 
eetfd  newe  and 
llobigan  reader, 

fteertbenflnany 

itlon,  At  the  end 

I,  by  tbeperaon 

t  to  na  tymai) 


Q 

11  parta,  <n  the 

I  of  two  iKf»  of 
deaire  the  new* 

to  oneaddren, 


[>riBaa,  ri^r«t« 
QenenlNaiwt, 


t  the  follofwlirg 
•t«l^  vli.: 

^.i»  par  100  for 
oit,Jfieh. 


^  , 


.^' 


